中国鼠疫菌某些生化特征及地理分布  

Biochemical characteristics and geographical distribution of Yersinia pestis in China

作　　者：祁美英[1] 熊浩明[1] 魏柏青[1] 李存香[1] 杨晓艳[1] 靳娟[1] 冯建萍[1] 金星[1] 魏荣杰[1] 代瑞霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所,西宁811602

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2015年第2期121-124,共4页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81160211)资助~~

摘　　要：目的探讨中国鼠疫菌株生化性状及地理分布特征。方法采用常规方法,研究我国现有11种类型的鼠疫自然疫源地2 370株鼠疫菌酵解麦芽糖、鼠李糖、蜜二糖、阿胶糖、甘油及脱氮反应的变化。结果根据测定结果,与地理分布生物群落联系起来,可将中国鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌分为新的17个生化型:青藏高原青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地分离的鼠疫菌定名为川青高原型,新疆准噶尔盆地大沙鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌定名为准噶尔型,云南省玉龙县大绒鼠、齐氏姬鼠分离暂定名为玉龙型。青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地生化性状较为复杂,含5种类型生化型,其中藏南地区1983年后新增加了27个疫源县,本研究发现青藏高原型菌株不仅只分部在藏北高原,在藏南地区已有分布,且岗底斯山型菌株原来只分布在西南地区的仲巴、普兰,现已延伸到藏南地区。还发现一些鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌生化特性有交串现象,如云南省家、野鼠鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌,内蒙古高原长爪沙鼠、达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地。结论中国鼠疫菌对糖酵解特性较稳定,鼠疫菌生化型在各疫源地呈明显的地区性分布,与主要宿主、地理气候条件、植被等密切相关,分为17个生化型。The objective of this study was to discuss the biochemical characteristics and geographical distribution of Yersinia pestisin China.We chose 2 370 Yersinia pestis strains separated from 11 kinds of plague foci in China,and applied conventional methods to study the strains＇ glycolysis reaction changes for L-maltose,L-rhamnose,Melibiose,L-arabinose,Glycerol as well as denitrification reaction.According to the results combined with biological community＇s geographical distribution,Chinese plague foci were divided into 17 new biochemical phenotypes.We named the strains separated from Qinghai Microtus plague foci in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as Sichuan-Qinghai Plateau type,strains from Rhombomys opimus plague natural foci in Xinjiang Junggar Basin,were named as Junggar type,strains separated fromEothnomys miletus,Apodemus chevrieri in Yulong County,Yunnan Province were named as Yulong type temporarily.The biochemical properties in Himalayan Marmot natural plague foci in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was relatively complex and contained 5kinds of biochemical phenotype.The southern district of Tibet newly added 27 endemic counties after the year of 1983.In this research,we found that Qinghai-Tibet Plateau type strains distributed not only in northern plateau but also in southern district,and Gangdise Mountain type only in Zhongba,Pulan in southwest previously and had now been extended to southern district.We also found that in some plague foci,strains＇ biochemical characteristics had confounding phenomenon,such as strains in Mus musculus natural plague foci and Wild Rat plague foci in Yunnan Province,Meriones unguiculatus natural plague foci,Spermophlus dauricus natural plague foci in Inner Mongolia.So we got the conclusion that Chinese Yersinia pestis strains＇ glycolysis reaction traits were stable,and the biochemical phenotype in each plague foci showed obvious regional distribution character which was closely related with the main host,geography,climate,vegetation and it was divided into 17 biochemical phenotypes.

关 键 词：中国 鼠疫菌 生化特征 地理分布 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]