器官捐献和移植教育影响医学生认知和态度的系统评价  

Systematic review of the effects of education on medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation

作　　者：张文馨[1] 滕沙 彭晓[1] 林晓鸿[1] 刘红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学护理学院,北京市100102

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2015年第5期810-814,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81171860)~~

摘　　要：背景:医务工作人员在器官捐献和移植过程中发挥着重要的作用,但作为未来的医务工作人员—医学生对器官捐献和移植呈现出知识的不足和矛盾的态度。目的:系统评价器官捐献和移植教育对医学生认知和态度的影响。方法:检索外文数据库Pub Med、WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY、Pro Quest Health、Medline、EMbase、中文数据库中国知网、维普及万方数据库,全面检索对医学生进行器官捐献和移植教育的研究,纳入符合标准的文献,应用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心对随机对照试验和类实验性研究文献真实性评价的原则进行评价,以GRADE指南进行质量分级,主要评价结局指标为医学生对器官捐献和移植的认知和态度。结果与结论:来自3个国家的8篇文献符合纳入标准,1篇为随机对照试验,质量评价为高质量;1篇类实验研究评价为高质量;5篇类实验研究质量评价为中级;1篇类实验研究质量评价为低级。6篇研究评价了教育对医学生知识水平的影响,6篇研究评价了教育对医学生态度的影响。通过系统评价得出运用教育能够提高医学生对器官捐献和移植的认知,改变对器官捐献和移植的态度。由于纳入的文献多为类试验研究,结论有待于高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证。BACKGROUND：Medical stuff have significant impacts on the development of organ donation and transplantation, however, medical students present insufficient knowledge and ambivalent attitude towards organ donation and transplantation. OBJECTIVE：To perform a systemic review on the effectiveness of educational program intervention on medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation. METHODS：PubMed, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, ProQuest Health, Medline, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were ful y searched for the published literature of medical students receiving an educational program intervention on organ donation and transplantation. According to the inclusion criteria, randomized control ed trials and quasi-experimental study were evaluated with the standard of Joanna Briggs Institute. The GRADE （Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation） framework was used to guide the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies. The outcomes were mainly medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Eight studies from three countries were summarized. The methods were＆amp;nbsp;employed in two studies of randomized control ed trials and quasi-experiment received a high quality rating, five studies received middle quality rating and one study received low quality rating. Educational program increased the knowledge in six studies, and changed the attitudes in six studies. Educational program intervention is a significant strategy to increase medical student’s knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. The majority of involved study are quasi-experiment study, so more high-quality randomized control ed studies are needed.

关 键 词：器官移植 教育 组织工程 移植 医学生 器官捐献 态度 认知 国家自然科学基金 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]