河口泥沙数学模型的若干问题  

Some problems on mathematical model of sediment transport in Estuary

作　　者：孙志林[1] 倪晓静[1] 许丹[1] 聂会 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学港口海岸与近海工程研究所,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（工学版）》2015年第2期232-237,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University：Engineering Science

基　　金：教育部博士点基金资助项目(20120101110108); 国家科技重大专项课题资助项目(2009ZX07424-001); 浙江省科技厅优先主题重点社会发展资助项目(2009C03016)

摘　　要：针对泥沙数学模型作为预报河床冲淤的研究手段在进一步发展中受到有关物理参数的限制,分析河口泥沙数学模型涉及的若干关键问题.从三维微分方程竖向积分角度分析认为恢复饱和系数理论上应大于1;指出泥沙非均匀系数、相对粒级以及泥沙固结对河口冲淤有一定影响,给出适用于河口非均匀黏性沙的任意k粒级的黏性力表达式、起动概率公式和临界起动切应力公式,探讨临界淤积切应力表达式在处理细颗粒泥沙絮凝时的作用;认为根据最大或最小含沙量对应的水流泥沙要素来确定河口水流挟沙能力公式比以往按半潮平均来处理在理论上更为合理,提出适合潮汐河口的非恒定水流挟沙能力公式;指出数值计算和验证有待改进之处.Mathematical model of sediment has become an essential research approach to predict erosion and deposition in estuaries. However, the further development of the model was limited by the related physical parameters. According to this limitation, it analyzed some key problems involved in the mathematical model for estuarine sediment transport. From the perspective of vertical integration of the three dimensional differential equation, the result of the equation analysis shows that the recovery saturation coefficient should be greater than 1 unit theoretically~ it indicated that the sediment non-uniform coefficient, relative particle size and sediment consolidation all have some effects on erosion/deposition process of estuary, provide suitable mathematical expressions for cohesive force of arbitrary K gradation, incipient probability and critical incipient shear stress of non-uniform cohesive sediment in estuary, discussed the role of critical deposition shear stress in dealing with the flocculation of fine sediment. It argued that it will be more reasonable that the formula for sediment transport capacity of flow is determined by the water and sediment parameters corresponding to the maximum or minimum sediment concentration than by the averaged ones in theory. And also, it presented the formula for carrying capacity of unsteady water~ pointed out the numerical calculation and the problem of imperfect verification.

关 键 词：数学模型 泥沙输移 物理参数 潮汐河口 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]