除草剂对旱直播稻田杂草防效和水稻幼苗的影响  

Effects of Different Herbicides on Weed Control Efficacy in Dry Direct-seeding Rice Field and Rice Seedling

作　　者：邓权权[1,2] 潘圣刚[1,2] 段美洋[1,2] 田华[1,2] 钟克友[1,2] 肖立中[1,2] 唐湘如[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [2]农业部华南地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,广东广州510642

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第1期131-135,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2011A020202001);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2007B090400134)

摘　　要：本试验研究了播前灭生性除草剂草甘膦、通杀1号,播后苗前土壤封闭除草剂稻草闭、扫茀特对旱直播稻田杂草的防除效果及其对水稻的安全性。结果表明:草甘膦、通杀1号、稻草闭,扫茀特对总草的株防效分别达到91.42%、89.77%、85.63%、77.87%,其中稻草闭处理的株防效显著高于扫茀特;成秧率分别达到72.3%、68.7%、65.0%,64.8%,草甘膦、通杀1号处理的成秧率均显著高于对照。草甘膦、通杀1号处理显著提高了秧苗茎基宽、地上部鲜重、地上部干重和单位苗高干重等指标,稻草闭与扫茀特处理的秧苗在这些指标上与对照无显著差异。草甘膦处理降低了秧苗POD活性、MDA含量,通杀1号处理则相反,两处理均升高了秧苗CAT活性;稻草闭与扫茀特处理均降低了秧苗POD、CAT活性,升高了MDA含量。这4种除草剂的安全性均较好。The safety and weed control efficacy of spraying glyphosate and Tongshayihao at pre-sowing stage and spraying pretilachlor and Daocaobi at post-sowing stage in direct seeding paddy fields were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the plant control efficacies of spraying glyphosate,Tongshayihao,Daocaobi and pretilachlor were 91. 42 %,89. 77 %,85. 63 % and 77. 87 %,respectively. Among them the plant control effects of spraying Daocaobi was significantly higher than that of spraying pretilachlor; The adult seedling rates were72. 3 %,68. 7 %,65. 0 % and 64. 8 %,respectively,and the seedling rates of spraying glyphosate and Tongshayihao were both significantly higher than that of the control. The application of glyphosate and Tongshayihao significantly increased the base stem width,shoot dry weight,above-ground fresh weight and dry weight per unit seedling height,but these indexes of applying pretilachlor and Daocaobi had no differences between treatments and control. The treatment of spraying glyphosate reduced POD activity and MDA content in seedlings,the treatment of spraying Tongshayihao increased the two indexes,both of the treatments increased CAT activity in seedlings. The treatments of spraying pretilachlor and Daocaobi both reduced POD,CAT activities and increased MDA content in seedlings. So the application of the four herbicides was safe to direct seeding.

关 键 词：旱直播稻田 除草剂 杂草防除 安全性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]