不同肥料处理对脐橙叶片氮钾钙比值及裂果的影响  

Effects of Treatments with Different Fertilizers on Fruit Cracking and Ratio of N,K and Ca in Navel Orange Leaves

作　　者：周继芬[1,2] 向彬 兰武[1] 王秀琪[2] 刘新强[1] 胡肖盼 

机构地区：[1]四川省达州职业技术学院,四川达州635000 [2]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400712 [3]四川省达川区土肥站,四川达州635000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第1期265-268,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系重庆试验站(nycytx-29-34);标准园建设关键技术研究;国家农业部标准园建设技术支撑项目(nyhyzx07-023))

摘　　要：因裂果而导致果实脱落、腐烂不能贮藏等状况,从而使其产量、品质和商品性均受到影响。本文采用配施N、P、K不同比例地面复合肥与喷洒不同的矿物营养元素叶面肥处理组合来防止裂果试验。结果表明,在春季用肥料配比N∶P2O5∶K2O=20∶10∶10,夏秋用肥料配比N∶P2O5∶K2O=16∶8∶16,叶面喷施0.5%硝酸钙液的处理组合防裂果效果最好。同时分析不同处理中叶片的N与K比值,N与Ca的比值,Ca与K的比值,发现树体中N与K的比值(N/K)和N与Ca的比值(N/Ca)同裂果呈正相关,即比值越大,裂果越重。树体中Ca与K的比值(Ca/K)与裂果成负相关,其比值越大,裂果越轻。对树体叶片中N、K、Ca与裂果率的相关关系分析,发现树体叶片中的N含量与裂果率呈正相关,树体叶片中的K、Ca含量均与裂果率呈负相关,其中,K元素含量与裂果率呈显著负相关,Ca元素含量与裂果率呈显著极负相关。Navel orange cracking would result in such unfavorable conditions as fruit abscission and rotting,which were not suitable for storage and affected its quantity,quality and commodity. In this paper,the experiments of Navel orange treated with applications of different proportions of N,P and K in compound fertilizers and spraying different mineral nutrient elements of different combinations in foliar fertilizer were conducted to prevent cracking. The result showed that the effect was the best with the fertilizer ratio of N∶ P2O5∶ K2 O = 20 ∶ 10 ∶ 10 in Spring,N∶ P2O5∶ K2 O = 16∶ 8∶ 16 in Summer and Fall and spraying of 0. 5 % calcium nutrient solution on leaves. After analyzing the ratio of N / K,N / Ca and Ca / K in leaves,it was found that the ratio of N / K,N / Ca in the tree had a positive correlation with cracking,the greater the ratio was,the more severe cracking would be,while the ratio of Ca / K in the tree had a negative correlation with cracking. Analyzing the correlation between N,K,Ca in leaves and cracking rate,there was a positive correlation between the leaf N level and cracking rate,the correlations between the leaf K,Ca levels and cracking rate were negative correlations,there was a significantly negative correlation between the leaf K level and cracking rate,and a extremely significantly negative correlation between the Ca level and cracking rate.

关 键 词：脐橙 裂果 营养平衡 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]