黑杨派无性系不同冠层叶片性状变异和生长选择  

Genetic Variation of Leaf Traits at Different Canopy Positions of Section Aigeiros Clones and Indirect Selection for Growth

作　　者：李金花[1] 刘喜荣[2] 卢孟柱[1] 刘长敏[2] 张绮纹[1] 

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室国家林业局林木培育重点实验室中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]河北省廊坊市林业局,廊坊065000

出　　处：《林业科学》2015年第1期55-65,共11页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2012041)

摘　　要：【目的】对13个黑杨派无性系3年生人工林上、中、下3个冠层水平上叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织和叶片总厚度等解剖性状,气孔密度和长度等气孔性状以及生长性状的变异及性状间相关性进行分析,并用于对生长性状的间接选择研究,以提高选择效率和缩短育种周期。【方法】选用2根1干、规格一致的苗木营建试验林,完全随机区组试验设计,5株×5行共计25株小区,3次重复区组,株行距3 m×5 m,每个区组选2株平均木,依照树冠自然分枝轮序,由上至下依次分上、中、下层,在各冠层南面方向上各取1个代表性一级分枝,选取其成熟叶片测定叶片性状,并连年测定1~4年生长性状,对性状进行方差分析和相关性分析,以生长性状（3年生和4年生胸径）和3个冠层的叶片性状（共计11个性状）进行主成分分析。【结果】13个黑杨派无性系1~4年生生长性状（胸径、树高和材积）差异极显著,叶片解剖性状、气孔性状亦存在显著变异。不论冠层,多数无性系叶片栅栏组织厚度均大于海绵组织厚度,且各无性系叶片下表面气孔密度均大于上表面气孔密度,叶片下表面与上表面气孔长度相近。大多数无性系的树冠上层叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度和叶片总厚度大于下层,上层叶片上表面气孔密度大于中层和下层。不同冠层上叶片上表面气孔密度与1~4年生胸径之间呈极显著负相关,中层叶片上表面气孔密度与3年生和4年生胸径的相关系数分别为-0.755和-0.736,上层叶片下表面气孔密度与2年生胸径之间呈正相关（r=0.402）,但中层和下层叶片下表面气孔密度与1~4年生胸径之间相关关系不显著。树冠中层叶片海绵组织厚度与1年和3年生胸径之间呈显著负相关（r=-0.319,-0.339）,但不同冠层叶片栅栏组织厚度、叶片总厚度和上下表面气孔长度与1~4年生胸径之间相关性均不显著。11个性状主成分分析（【Objective】Thirteen clones of the Section Aigeiros were selected from plantation at the age of 3 years to investigate leaf anatomical properties（ thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma layers and total leaf）,stomatal properties（ density and length of stomata） at 3 canopy positions（ upper,middle and lower canopy） and growth traits,in order to analyze the genetic variation and correlation between various leaf traits and growth traits,and to carry out indirect selection on growth traits. 【Method】Uniform rooted stocks with 1-year-old stem and 2-year-old roots were planted with a randomized block design,with 3 replications and 25-tree plots（ 5 rows × 5 columns）,at a spacing of 3 m × 5 m. Two average trees were selected from each block. According to the top-down order of natural branching,the canopy was dividedinto 3 layers,i. e. upper,middle and lower canopy. A representative branch was selected from the first-order branches on the south side at each canopy position of each average tree. Leaf traits were examined for a mature leaf on each selected representative branch. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and relationships by Pearson＇s correlation coefficient.Principal Components Analysis（ PCA） was performed with 11 traits,including growth traits（ 3-and 4-year-old DBH） and leaf traits at the upper,middle and lower canopy positions,separately. 【Result 】Height and DBH of 1 to 4 years old trees,leaf anatomical traits,stomatal density and length varied significantly among clones and three canopy positions. The palisade parenchyma layer was thicker than the spongy parenchyma layer for most clones and irrespective of canopy position. All clones had a higher stomatal density and similar stomatal length on the abaxial leaf surface than on the adaxial leaf surface. For most clones,leaves in upper canopy had thicker leaf palisade,spongy parenchyma layer and higher stomatal density than these in lower canopy. DBH of 1- to 4-year-old trees were negatively and significantly corr

关 键 词：黑杨派 叶片解剖性状 气孔密度 气孔长度 生长量 冠层 

分 类 号：S718.47[农业科学—林学] S722.33