高压氧预处理对急性缺氧大鼠心、脑、肺超微结构的影响  

Effects of hyperbraic oxygen pretreatment on the ultrastructure in acute hypoxia rats

作　　者：崔建华 吴佩锋 高亮 李年华 王琰 李彬 王福领 

机构地区：[1]解放军第十八医院,新疆叶城844900

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2014年第6期377-380,386,共5页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目（2009BAl85806）;高原医学教育部重点实验室资助项目（2011JSGY05）;兰州军区基金课题（CWS10JA04）

摘　　要：目的 观察高压氧（HBO）预处理后急性缺氧（海拔7 000m）大鼠心、脑、肺超微结构及含水量的变化.方法 雄性健康SD大鼠50只,体质量200～220 g,按数字表法随机分为6组.HBO组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）给予HBO预处理7d.HBO Ⅰ组（n=10）：HBO预处理后在海拔7 000m低压舱内12h,HBO Ⅱ组（n=10）：HBO预处理后在低压舱内24 h,HBO Ⅲ组（n=10）：HBO预处理后在低压舱内72 h,对照Ⅰ组（n=6）：在低压舱内12 h,对照Ⅱ组（n=7）：在低压舱内24 h,对照Ⅲ组（n=7）：在低压舱内72 h.各组大鼠在低压舱内快速处死取出额叶脑皮质、心、肺组织标本进行光镜和电镜观察,并取左侧脑和肺组织称湿重,烘干计算脑、肺组织含水量.结果 HBO组脑和肺组织含水量较对照组明显降低,如：HBOⅠ组左脑（74.16±6.88）％、左肺（71.49±7.73）％,对照Ⅰ组左脑（81.58 ±5.27）％、左肺（73.44±5.50）％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,急性缺氧72 h内随时间延长,含水量增高.急性缺氧大鼠肺组织结构排列紊乱,肺毛细血管充血明显,肺泡壁明显增厚,部分区域内可见肺泡腔内有粉红色渗出物,出现明显的间质性肺水肿和肺泡性肺水肿;心肌细胞核变形、浊肿、空泡变性及心肌间质水肿;脑核膜模糊不清,核膜表面不平滑.随着缺氧时间的延长组织损伤加重.HBO预处理后肺组织结构排列完整,肺泡壁稍有增厚;心肌除少部分神经元轻度肿胀,其细胞轮廓略不规则,其余基本与正常的细胞结构相同;脑细胞膜及核膜完整,核质较均匀.结论 HBO预处理可预防大鼠急性缺氧引起的脑水肿和肺水肿,对缺氧组织有明显的保护作用.Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen （HBO） pretreatment on the ultrastructure of heart,brain and lung induced by acute hypoxia （altitude of 7 000 m） in rats and changes of water content in the tissues involved.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups：3 HBO groups （the HBO group 1,the HBO group 2,and the HBO group 3） and 3 control groups （the control group 1,the control group 2,and the control group 3）.The HBO groups were all pretreated with HBO for 7 days.The HBO group 1 （n =10）,HBO group 2 （n =10）,and HBO group 3 （n =10） were exposed to an altitude of 7 000 m in the hypobaric chamber for durations of 12 h,24 h,and 72 h respectively,following HBO pretreatment.The control group 1 （n =6）,control group 2（n =7） and the control group 3 （n =7） stayed in the hypobaric chamber for durations of 12 h,24 h,and 72 h respectively.The rats in all the groups were quickly sacrificed in the hypobaric chamber and frontal cortex,heart and lung samples were collected for optical microscopy and electron microscopy.Wet weight of the left brain and lung were measured and dried to calculate water contents of the tissues.Results Water contents in the tissues of the rats in the HBO groups were all decreased markedly than those in the control groups,with statistical significance （P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01）.Tissue water contents increased with the prolonging of exposure time during acute hypoxia within 72 h.In rats with acute hypoxia,lung tissue structure was in disorder,pulmonary capillary vessels were congested significantly,alveolar wall was thickened,pink alveolar exudation was clearly visible in some areas,and significant interstitial pulmonary edema and alveolar pulmonary edema were also present.Myocardial nucleuses were deformed with cloudy swelling,vacuolar degeneration and myocardial interstitial edema.Brain nuclear membrane was indistinct with an unsmooth surface.Tissue injury aggravated with prolonged hypoxia.However,for the animals in the HBO pretreatment g

关 键 词：大鼠 高压氧 急性缺氧 超微结构 含水量 

分 类 号：R83[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]