施肥深度对矮化苹果^(15)N-尿素吸收、利用及损失的影响  

Effect of fertilization depth on ^(15)N-urea absorption,utilization and loss in dwarf apple trees

作　　者：丁宁[1] 陈倩 许海港[1] 季萌萌[1] 姜翰[1] 姜远茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]青州市果树站,山东青州262500

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第3期755-760,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)资助

摘　　要：以5年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究表层(0 cm)、上层(20 cm)和中层(40 cm)3个施肥深度对矮化苹果15N-尿素吸收、分配及利用特性的影响.结果表明:20 cm施肥处理的叶面积、叶绿素含量和叶片全氮含量显著高于0和40 cm施肥处理.不同施肥处理各器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)存在显著差异,盛花期均以根的Ndff最高,多年生枝次之;新梢旺长期和花芽分化期根部吸收的15N优先向新生营养器官转运;果实膨大期各器官Ndff均达到较高水平;果实成熟期均以果实中的Ndff最高.果实成熟期不同施肥处理的15N分配率存在显著差异,20 cm施肥处理生殖器官和营养器官的15N分配率显著高于0和40 cm施肥处理,而贮藏器官的15N分配率显著低于0和40 cm施肥处理.在果实成熟期,20 cm施肥处理15N肥料利用率为24.0%,显著高于0 cm(14.1%)和40 cm施肥处理(7.6%),而15N损失率为54.0%,显著低于0 cm(67.8%)和40 cm施肥处理(63.5%).不同施肥深度土壤15N残留量随施肥深度的增加而显著增加.Five-year-old‘Fuji＇3 / M26 / M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were treated by ^15 N tracer to study the effects of fertilization depth（ 0,20 and 40 cm） on15N-urea absorption,distribution,utilization and loss in soil. The results showed that the plant leaf area,chlorophyll content and total N of apple leaves in 20 cm treatment were obviously higher than 0 cm and 40 cm treatments. The ^15 N derived from fertilizer（ Ndff） in different organs of apple plant under different depths were significantly different,and the Ndff was the highest in roots at the full-bloom stage,and then in perennial branches. During the shoot rapid-growing and flower bud differentiation stage,the Ndff of new organs higher than that of the storage organs,and the Ndff of different organs were high level at fruit rapid-expanding stage,and the Ndff of fruit was the highest. The distribution ratio of15 N at fruit maturity stage was significantly different under fertilization depths,and that of the vegetative and reproductive organs of 20 cm treatment were obviously higher than 0 cm and 40 cm treatments,but that of the storage organs of 20 cm treatment was lower than 0 cm and 40 cm treatments. At fruit maturity stage,15 N utilization rate of apple plant of 20 cm treatment was 24.0%,which was obviously higher than 0 cm（ 14.1%） and 40 cm（ 7.6%） treatments,and15 N loss rate was 54.0%,which was obviously lower than 0 cm（ 67.8%） and 40 cm（ 63.5%） treatments. With the increase of fertilization depths,the N residue in soil increased sharply.

关 键 词：苹果 施肥深度 ^15N-尿素 吸收 分配 利用 损失 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]