气候变化对甘肃省粮食生产的影响研究进展  

Impacts of climate change on food production in Gansu: A review

作　　者：杨封科[1,2] 何宝林[1,2] 高世铭[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院,兰州730070 [2]农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省科学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第3期930-938,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1204NKCA108)资助

摘　　要：甘肃省气候自1986年起向整体暖干化、局部暖湿化转型突变.与1960年相比,转型后2010年平均气温升高了1.1℃,平均降水量减少了28 mm,干旱半干旱区南移约50 km.气候变暖使甘肃省主要作物生育期有效积温增加,生长期延长,熟性、布局和种植制度改变,宜种区和种植海拔增加,多熟制北移,夏粮面积缩小,秋粮面积增大.弱冬性、中晚熟品种逐步取代强冬性、中早熟品种,有利于提高光温利用率,增加产量.暖湿型气候增加了绿洲灌区作物的气候生产力,暖干型气候降低了雨养农业区的气候产量,水分和肥力条件是决定因素.以提高有限降水利用率和利用效率、改善和提升土壤质量及肥力为核心,选育强抗逆、弱冬性、中晚熟、高水分利用效率的作物新品种,建立适温、适水的种植结构和种植制度,是甘肃省应对气候变化进行粮食生产的主要发展方向.The climate of Gansu turned to be overall warming-drying and partly warming-wetting since 1986. In contrast to that of 1960,the average annual temperature had raised by 1.1℃ with the average annual precipitation decreased by 28 mm correspondingly,which made the arid region expanded southward by 50 km in 2010. Climate warming increased the growth period effective accumulated temperature of main food grain crops and lengthened the crop growth period. It changed crop maturity,crop disposition,cropping system and generally increased the cultivatable area and planting altitude above the sea level of major crops and expanded northward the multiple cropping system,which further resulted in expansion of autumn grain crop sown area,shrink of summer grain crop sown area,and replacement of strong winter early maturing varieties by weak winter middle late maturing varieties. It benefited the crop yield by increasing the use efficiency of photo-thermal resources. Warming-wetting climate increased the climate productivity of oasis crop while warmingdrying weather decreased the climate productivity of rainfed crops,which were mostly determined by the precipitation regimes and water conditions. Any advanced technique that can increase precipitation use ratio and water use efficiency as well as improve and promote soil quality and fertility should be regarded as an effective countermeasure to increase food grain production under climate change in Gsansu. So,selecting and breeding new crop varieties with the characteristics of strong resistance,weak winter,middle-late mature and high water use efficiency,establishing new planting structure and cropping system that suitable to the precipitation and temperature features of changed climate,are the development direction of food grain production in Gansu to cope with the climate change.

关 键 词：气候变化 甘肃 粮食 方向 

分 类 号：S162.53[农业科学—农业气象学]