小儿发育性髋关节脱位：MRI增强观察股骨头血运已成研究热点  

Developmental dislocation of the hip in children: enhanced MRI in the observation of femoral blood supply

作　　者：葛微[1] 李琦[2] 李连永 潘诗农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院放射科辽宁省沈阳市,110000 [2]中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿骨科,辽宁省沈阳市110000 [3]辽宁电力中心医院医学影像科,辽宁省沈阳市110000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2015年第4期623-628,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81271538);盛京自由研究者基金项目(201208)~~

摘　　要：背景:小儿发育性髋关节脱位的早期诊断及治疗对该病预后影响很大,延误诊断将提高治疗的难度及手术的失败率,影像学诊断是该病在早期诊治过程中不可或缺的辅助检查,也是该领域的研究热点。目的:总结小儿发育性髋关节脱位的病因、发病机制,以及影像学诊断的最新研究进展。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索Pub Med数据库及中国学术期刊网全文数据库2004年1月至2014年12月有关小儿发育性髋关节脱位相关方面的文章,英文检索词为"developmental dysplasia of the hip,X-Ray,computed tomography,magnetic resonance,ultrasound",中文检索词为"髋关节,脱位,诊断,X射线,CT,MR,超声"。排除重复性研究,共保留51篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:发育性髋关节脱位的病因包括遗传因素、内分泌因素、宫内因素和机械因素等。常用的辅助检查包括:超声、X射线、CT和MRI,X射线操作简单、价格便宜,是筛查发育性髋关节脱位的常用检查;CT能够三维观察股骨头、髋臼的形态及二者之间的位置关系,但对于婴幼儿来说其辐射大且操作难度高;MRI由于其能够早期发现髋关节脱位时软骨的病理改变,使其成为髋关节发育不良的早期诊断不可或缺的重要检查手段,尤其MRI增强在观察股骨头血运方面的重要贡献,成为发育性髋关节脱位术后疗效评价的研究热点。BACKGROUND：The early diagnosis and treatment of the hip developmental dislocation in children have a great influence on the prognosis of the disease. Once the diagnosis is delayed, the difficulty of treatment and surgery failure rate wil be increased. The imaging diagnosis is not only the indispensable accessory examination in the early diagnosis and treatment of the hip developmental dislocation, but also the research focus on this field. OBJECTIVE：To introduce the etiology and pathogenesis of the hip developmental dislocation in children, and summarize the new research progress from the aspects of the imaging diagnosis. METHODS：A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author in the CNKI database and PubMed database to search papers on the hip developmental dislocation in children published between January 2004 and December 2014, using the key words of “developmental dysplasia of the hip, X-Ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound” in Chinese and English. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The etiology of the hip developmental dislocation includes genetic factor, endocrine factors, intrauterine factors, mechanical factors and so on. The common accessory examinations include ultrasound, X-Ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Because of easy operation and low costs, X-Ray becomes the common examination to screen the hip developmental dislocation. Computed tomography can observe the shape and the positional relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum in three-dimension, but for infants and young children, the radiation is large and the operation is difficult. Because of the early detection of pathological changes in cartilage during hip dislocation, magnetic resonance imaging becomes an indispensable examination for the early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Especialy the enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has significant contribution

关 键 词：植入物 人工假体 小儿 发育性 髋关节 脱位 诊断 髋臼 发育不良 X射线 CT MRI 超声 国家自然科学基金 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]