干旱区牧草蒸散发量变化趋势及其影响因素  

The Trend of Evapotranspiration Changes of Forage Grass and Its Influencing Factors in Arid Area

作　　者：龙胤慧[1] 徐晓民[1] 郭中小[1] 廖梓龙[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第3期142-144,148,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201008);中国水科院科研专项(MK2013J09)

摘　　要：基于内蒙古达茂旗的人工饲草料地实验田观测数据,对比分析了2006—2013年天然草地和饲草料地在生长初期、生长中期、生长后期和非生长期蒸散发量的变化趋势,定量分析了影响蒸散发量变化的气象归因。结果表明:历年蒸散发量由大到小依次为天然草地、紫花苜蓿、青贮玉米,蒸散发量主要集中在生长初期和生长中期;在湿润年,生长初期和生长中期蒸散发量变化的显著性具有明显差异;在干旱年,蒸散发量在生长初期和生长中期的逐日变幅都较大。在生长期,天然草地蒸散发量的逐日累计曲线抬升较快,而青贮玉米蒸散发量的逐日累计曲线抬升较慢;在干旱年太阳辐射与作物蒸散发量的相关性较显著,而在湿润年风速和相对湿度与作物蒸散发量的相关性较好。Based on the observation data of artificial forage grass in DAMAO County,Inner Mongolia,the change trend of evapotranspiration of natural grassland and forage grass in different growing period from 2006 to 2013 were compared and analyzed,the influence of climate factors on evapotranspiration were researched. The results show that yearly evapotranspiration from high to low is natural grassland,medicago sativa L,silage corn and the increase of evapotranspiration mainly in early growing period and middle growing period. During early growing period and middle growing period,the change trend of evapotranspiration of three type grasses are obvious in humid year,and the variation of evapotranspiration are much higher in arid year. The daily cumulative curve of evapotranspiration of natural grassland is faster and the silage corn is lower. The result about the influence of climate factors reveals that there is a strong correlation between solar radiation and the arid year＇s evapotranspiration,and there are better relation among the wind speed,moisture and the humid year＇s evapotranspiration in different growing periods.

关 键 词：气候变化 蒸散发 饲草料地 天然草地 干旱区 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]