中国近代钢轨技术标准的形成与演化(1911～1936年)  

The Formation and Evolution of Chinese Steel Rail Standards(1911～1936)

作　　者：方一兵[1] 雷丽芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [2]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2015年第1期53-71,129,共19页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：先进钢铁材料技术国家工程研究中心项目"中国铁路钢轨材料技术演变及文物价值的研究"

摘　　要：中国近代钢轨技术标准历经1911年邮传部《奏定八十五磅钢轨及附属品制造验收通行章程》、1922年交通部《中华民国国有铁路钢轨及扣件规范书》以及1936年铁道部《中华民国国营铁路钢轨规范书》的制定和演变,到1936年之后初步形成了较为完整的钢轨技术标准体系。对这三次钢轨技术标准的形成与实施的历史及其影响因素进行研究,为近代早期中国技术标准化历史提供了一个难得的案例,也从另一侧面微观再现了中国早期钢铁和铁路技术体系本土化进程。The technological standardization of steel rails in modem China prior to 1937 went through 3 stages ： ＂The Specification for Steel Rails of 85 lbs＂. issued by the Qing Dynasty Ministry of Mail and Transportation in 1911 ; ＂The Specification for Steel Rails of the National Railway of the Republic of China＂ issued by the Ministry of Transportation in 1922; and ＂The Specification for Steel Rails of the National Railway＂ issued by the Ministry of Railways in 1936. A relatively com- plete system of technological standards for steel rails formed after 1936 in China. This paper is an at- tempt to discover the historical process of the development of these three specifications, and to pro- vide a rare case for the study of the history of technological standardization in early modem China. Through this case study, the process of the localization of the technology of railway and steel manufacture in early modem China are also reconstructed from another perspective.

关 键 词：技术史 技术标准 钢轨 近代中国 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]