施肥对白桦树生长及开花结实的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on the Growth and Flowering of Betula platyphylla

作　　者：刘福妹[1,2] 姜静[1] 刘桂丰[1] 

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]中国林科院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥532600

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2015年第2期116-120,195,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题(2012BAD21B02)

摘　　要：合理施肥是促进林木生长发育的有效措施。研究是在前期获得显著促进白桦开花结实的配方肥基础上,进一步研究配方肥和单施氮、磷、钾肥元素对白桦生长、开花结实及荧光参数的影响。结果表明,施氮肥与施配方肥的效果一致,均能显著促进白桦的株高和地径生长,使白桦株高和地径分别较对照提高32%和36%;施配方肥和氮肥能使70%以上的白桦开花,而施用磷、钾肥的白桦开花率仅为3%和1%,对照没有开花;与对照相比,虽然施肥均明显地提高了白桦叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP等荧光参数,降低NPQ,但施氮肥效果和配方肥的效果更加明显,并且二者还能显著提高白桦叶片叶绿素含量。说明配方肥中的氮是促进白桦生长和开花结实的关键元素,在以生产木材为经营目的的丰产林中可以施加氮肥为主的肥料,在以生产良种为目的的白桦种子园中应该选用配方肥。Rational fertilization is an effective measure to promote the development of fast-growing forest.Based on the selected optimum formula fertilizer（T3）which had the best effect of accelerating the white birch（Betula platyphylla）flowering,the effects of T3 and its elements（N,P,K）on the growth,flowering and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of white birch was studied.The results showed that：the nitrogen that had the much similar effects as T3,and they both could significantly promote the vegetative growth of white birch by making the 4-year-old trees reach 1.32 times in height and 1.36 times in ground diameter compared to the control.Applying the T3 and nitrogen fertilizer could make more than 70%white birch flower,compared with only 3%,1% and 0 by applying only phosphorus,potassium fertilizers or without fertilizer,respectively.Compared with the control,fertilizations could significantly increase the level of Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡand qP,decrease the level of NPQ,however,applying the nitrogen and T3 had the best effects which significantly increasing the level of SPAD.The above results indicated that the nitrogen was a key element of T3 in promoting the growth and flowering of white birch.Therefore,the nitrogen fertilizer should be used in the high-yield plantation of wood production and the T3 should be used in the orchard which improved white birch seed.

关 键 词：白桦 施肥 生长 叶绿素荧光参数 

分 类 号：S792.153[农业科学—林木遗传育种]