努森压缩制冷系统的设计及性能分析  

Design and performance analyses of refrigeration systems with Knudsen compressors

作　　者：杨林[1] 卢苇[1] 曹聪[1] 刘纪云[1] 陈汉[1] 王颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学化学化工学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《低温工程》2015年第1期37-44,共8页Cryogenics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51366001);广西自然科学基金项目(2013GXNSFAA019292)

摘　　要：分别以氨、水、R290和R600a为工质设计了努森压缩制冷系统。系统结构尺寸受工质的分子直径和宏观物性影响,其中依靠微尺度热流逸效应工作的努森压缩机设计成由两个功能组组成并采用多级串联形式。根据努森压缩制冷系统的微观与宏观工作机制和系统构建方式建立了性能分析模型。努森压缩制冷系统的运行特性类似于压缩机转速可调的常规蒸气压缩制冷系统,其COP随室内温度升高(或环境温度降低)而增大、制冷量随室内温度升高(或环境温度降低)而减小。综合考虑系统结构、性能、成本等因素,水为工质的努森压缩制冷系统明显优于其它3种工质系统。若按一次能源效率计算,努森压缩制冷的COP与常规蒸气压缩制冷的相差不大,加之其具有可直接利用太阳能和余(废)热资源、且没有运动部件等优点,努森压缩制冷是一种具有发展前景和竞争力的新型制冷方式。Several refrigeration systems with the Knudsen compressors,which employed ammonia,water,R290 and R600 a as working fluids,were respectively designed. The system structure and size were affected by the molecular diameters and macro properties of working fluids. The Knudsen compressors operating according to microscale thermal transpiration effect were designed into two function groups and configurations of multistage series connection. The performance analysis model for the proposed refrigeration systems was established in the light of micro and macro working mechanisms and system construction patterns. The operating characteristics of the proposed refrigeration systems are similar to those of conventional vapor compression refrigeration systems with variable speed compressors,that is,the COPs increase with indoor temperature rise or ambient temperature drop while the cooling capacities decrease at the same conditions. Considering such comprehensive factors as structure,performance and cost,the proposed system using water as working fluid is obviously superior to the other three. The COPs of refrigeration systems with the Knudsen compressors are comparable to those of conventional vapor compression refrigeration systems based on primary energy efficiency. Besides,the proposed refrigeration systems without moving parts can directly utilize solar energy and waste heat resources. The refrigeration systems with the Knudsen compressors obviously are a novel refrigeration method with prospect and competitiveness.

关 键 词：努森压缩机 自然工质 制冷系统 结构设计 性能分析 

分 类 号：TB652[一般工业技术—制冷工程]