城市三维重心算法与实验分析——以南京市为例  

Three-dimensional Urban Gravity Center Calculation Method and Empirical Research: A Case Study of Nanjing

作　　者：乔伟峰[1,2,3] 刘彦随[2] 王亚华[1,3] 项灵志 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2015年第3期268-273,共6页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371172;41130748;41471143);中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M561040);教育部人文科学研究青年基金项目(11YJC840051);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(164320H101)

摘　　要：当前对城市重心的研究多以城市平面形态的二维重心进行求解,在城市垂向伸展日益显著的背景下,有必要对城市的三维重心进行变化分析。针对二维平面重心求取方法的深入分析,本文推导了一种由城市建筑高度等值线计算城市实体三维重心的方法,将城市三维实体看作由一层层"薄板"搭建成的组合体,利用组合体的重心计算公式求取城市三维重心。以南京市为例进行了验证,将所求得的城市二维重心和三维重心的转移结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,该计算方法可方便地计算城市实体的三维重心,南京城市三维重心的投影虽然和二维重心有相似的变化特点和规律,但存在一定程度的偏移,偏移方向与高层建筑密集区域相对应。城市三维重心充分考虑到城市垂直方向上的伸展,可有效更全面地反映城市空间变化的规律和特点。The current studies on urban gravity center mainly focus on two-dimensional urban gravity center that based on the planar form. Now the trend of urban vertical expansion is more and more distinctive, it is necessary to research the calculation method and analyze the variation of three-dimensional urban gravity center. Based on the analysis of the calculation method of two-dimensional gravity center, this paper deduces a new method to calculate the three-dimensional urban gravity center. It takes three-dimensional urban space as a combination that is formed by multiple stacked layers of ＇ sheet＇, and uses the mathematical formula of this combination＇ s gravity center to calculate the three-dimensional urban gravity center. Taking Nanjing as an experimental area for validation, we calculate the two-dimensional and three-dimensional urban gravity centers respectively and contrasts their changing trails. The result shows that the method proposed in this paper is easy to obtain urban entity＇ s three-dimensional gravity center. Also, the position of the three-dimensional urban gravity center obtained in this way is correct. Through the analysis of the variation law of the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional urban gravity centers in Nanjing, the projections of the two gravity centers have similar changing characteristics and regularities, but a certain degree of deviation between the two trails. The direction of deviation evidently corresponds to the dense regions of high-rise buildings. Taking full account of the urban expansion in the vertical di- rection, the three-dimensional urban gravity center provides an effective way in reflecting the characteristics and regularities of urban spatial change.

关 键 词：城市空间 三维重心 计算方法 南京市 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]