新丰江水库上游氮磷污染的时空变化  

Spatio-Temporal Variation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in Upriver Watercourse of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir in Guangdong Province

作　　者：温美丽[1] 杨龙[1] 方国祥[1] 周霞[1] 张虹鸥[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室//广州地理研究所,广州510070

出　　处：《热带地理》2015年第1期103-110,共8页Tropical Geography

基　　金：广东省水利科技项目(2009-44);广东省科技计划(2007A032400002;2008A030202011)

摘　　要：新丰江水库流域是广东省最大的饮用水源保护区,对东江下游和香港地区的用水安全有十分重要的作用,水质长期保持在国家地表水I类标准。但随着经济的发展,水库上游地区人类活动加剧,对水质和水量造成潜在威胁。通过2007、2008年对新丰江水库上游流域采样分析氮磷质量分数,发现总氮和总磷超过地表水Ⅱ类标准的采样点比例分别为48%和12%。与总磷相比,新丰江水库上游总氮的污染要更加严重,丰水期超标点明显少于枯水期,而枯水期氮-磷正相关关系较好(P<0.000 1,R2=0.868 3),污染物可能为同一污染源或同期释放。空间上超标点多位于新丰、连平县城和大型城镇居民点如马头、忠信、灯塔镇附近,河流污染主要来自生活污水和养殖废水等人为点源污染。尽管目前新丰江水库库区的水质情况总体较好,但上游水质也存在恶化风险,可能导致水库自净能力降低,水体富营养化加剧,因此需要对新丰江水库上游的水质进行定期监测,通过控制内、外源性氮磷措施,以减少饮用水源安全风险和保证新丰江水库水质长期稳定。Xingfengjiang Reservoir（XFJR） is the greatest reservoir in Guangdong Province, China. XFJR provides drinking water for a population of 40 million in Huizhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, which have a big portion in economic development of China. At present, water quality of XFJR maintains I type of environmental quality standards for surface water. However, with the fast economic development in the Pearl River Delta and the upriver areas, human activities have become intense and environmental problems become increasingly serious, which may directly influence water quality and quantity of the reservoir. In 2007 and 2008 we collected water samples from upriver watercourse of XFJR and analyzed the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The results showed that, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution was more in dry season than that in wet season at time scale, and more in residential area near cities and towns than in rural area at spatial scale. The results indicated that the main pollution was from point source pollution, including domestic sewage and breeding wastewater discharging. The risks of water quality deterioration exist in upriver watercourse of XFJR, which may lead to ecological problems, such as eutrophication and external biological invasion. It is suggested that water quality of the upriver watercourse of XFJR should be monitored regularly so as to protect the stability of water quality of XFJR and reduce the risks of deterioration of drinking water source.

关 键 词：氮磷污染 时空变化 新丰江水库 饮用水安全 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]