中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)“黄海3号”新品种的培育  

Selective Breeding of Fast-Growing and Ammonia Toxicity-Resistant Chinese Shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

作　　者：李健[1] 何玉英[1] 王清印[1] 刘萍[1] 李吉涛[1] 王学忠 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]山东省昌邑市海丰水产养殖有限责任公司,昌邑261300

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2015年第1期61-66,共6页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家虾产业技术体系专项(CARS-47);山东省自主创新专项(2013CX80202);国家自然科学基金项目(31172401)共同资助

摘　　要：2006年收集中国对虾"黄海1号"保种群以及海州湾、莱州湾2个野生群体为基础群体构建核心育种群,采用群体选育技术以仔虾Ⅰ期耐氨氮胁迫成活率和收获时对虾体重为选育指标,经过连续5代选育,培育出中国对虾"黄海3号"新品种。新品种耐氨氮胁迫能力强,仔虾Ⅰ期成活率较商品苗种提高21.2%,养殖成活率提高15.2%;生长速度快,收获对虾平均体重较商品苗种提高11.8%。AFLP技术分析获得5代选育群体的平均多态位点比例分别为42.28%、40.64%、40.32%、39.95%和38.05%。研究结果显示,随着选育世代的增加,选育群体的遗传多样性呈现下降趋势,但随着选育时间的延长,世代之间的分化逐渐降低,群体的遗传结构开始趋于稳定。Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis） is one of the most commonly farmed species in China since the 1970s. However, the pond survival and the total output of F. chinensis have been low because of the deteriorated pond environment and other factors. Ammonia, as undissociated for （NH3）, is one of the most toxic substances produced during intensive shrimp farming and may reach concentrations high enough to seriously damage the health and growth of F. chinensis. To address this issue we collected wild samples of conserved “Huanghai No.1” from two geographical populations in the Haizhou bay and the Laizhou bay for the construction of fundamental stock in 2006. Mass selection was applied to obtain the characteristics of fast growth and high resistance to ammonia at concentrations between 3% and 5%. Five generations, namely “Huanghai No.3”, were selected successively and approved by China National Aquaculture Variety Approval Committee. “Huanghai No.3” displayed traits such as stress tolerance and fast growth. Under the same cultivation conditions, the survival rate of Post-larvaeⅠincreased by 21.2%, the survival rate increased by 15.2%, and the average body weight after harvest increased by 11.8%. The proportions of polymorphic loci were 42.28%, 40.64%, 40.32%, 39.95% and 38.05% in the five selective populations respectively, which implied the reduced genetic diversity. However, in later selected generations, there were fewer differences between populations and the genetic structure became more stable. Compared to “Huanghai No.1”, the average body weight and the survival rate of “Huanghai No.3”increased by 2.1% and 13.85% respectively. Compared to the wild seedings, the average body weight and the survival rate increased by 11.85% and 15.1% respectively. These results showed obvious improvement in the production. To the date, the pioneer scale to grow the new strain of “Huanghai No.3” has reached 400 hectares in the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu province since 2009.

关 键 词：中国对虾 群体选育 黄海3号 氨氮胁迫 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]