大豆对土壤水淹的响应及与土传植物病原真菌的关系  

Soybean Response to Flooded Soil Conditions and the Association with Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Genera

作　　者：向新华 M.T.Kirkpatrick J.C.Rupe C.S.Rothrock 

机构地区：[1]Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas

出　　处：《大豆科技》2015年第1期33-33,共1页Soybean Science & Technology

摘　　要：选择被认为对水淹有较好抗性的6个大豆基因型品种,检测其在洪水灾害下土传真菌对大豆的作用。试验在1996年到1998年进行,6个基因型大豆进行垄上单行种植,设置不同水淹处理,分别为无水淹、出苗时水淹（持续3 d）和第四个叶节期水淹（持续7 d）。在水淹处理3~4 d后,统计出苗率,并在每个小区采集15株大豆样本,进行称重,并调查根部褪色比率,分离鉴定根上真菌及其他丝状微生物。试验结果显示,与无淹水相比在出苗期淹水导致出苗率降低。The role of soilborne pathogens in flood damage on soybeans, Glycine max, was examined using six genotypes repre- senting a reputed range of flood tolerances. Genotypes were planted in single-row plots from 1996 to 1998 with flood treat- ments of no flood, flood at emergence （3-day duration）, or flood at the fourth leaf node growth Stage （7-day duration） Three or four days after removing each flood treatment, plant each plot, weighed, and rated for root discoloration. Roots were stands were estimated and 15 plants were collected from assayed for the presence of fungi and other filamentous eu- karyotic organisms. Plant stands were reduced by flooding at emergence compared with the nonflooded control. Flooding at both growth stages caused significant increases in root discoloration compared with nonflooded soybeans. Plant weights were reduced in 2 of 3 years for flooding at emergence. Pythium was the only genus of filamentous organisms whose isola- tion frequency increased with flooding. Of the 60 Pythium isolates evaluated representing the different cultural groups based on appearance and growth rate on potato dextrose agar, cornmeal agar, and V8 agar, 47% were moderately to highly virulent on soybean. Pythium spp. isolated from soybean included the pathogenic species P. ultimum, P. aphaniderma- turn, P. irregulare, and P. vexans and Group HS. Nonpathogenic P. oligandrum also was isolated from soybean.

关 键 词：植物病原真菌 水淹 大豆 基因型品种 土壤 丝状微生物 出苗率 洪水灾害 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]