基于GIS的矿区流域生态安全诊断研究  

Study on Diagnosis of Ecological Security in Bijiang Watershed by GIS

作　　者：和春兰[1] 赵筱青[2] 张洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南国土资源职业学院,云南昆明652501 [2]云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第7期256-260,312,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40961031)

摘　　要：生态安全研究是可持续发展、地理学、生态学及资源与环境科学等的热点问题。为了诊断矿区流域存在的生态环境问题及生态安全状况,以国际河流澜沧江支流和上游分布有亚洲最大铅锌矿的沘江流域为研究区,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型,构建了4个层次、18个评价因子的指标体系;对因子进行熵权法赋权重后,运用生态安全综合评价模型,在GIS技术的支持下以30 m×30 m精度的栅格为基本评价单元,对沘江流域内各栅格单元及各乡镇的生态安全进行诊断。诊断结果分为非常安全、较安全、基本安全、预警、不安全和极不安全6个等级,研究结果将为保障流域生态安全提供数据基础与科学依据。研究结果表明,2012年沘江流域的生态安全状况整体上较好,有65.13%的流域面积处于安全状态,中下游流域的生态安全状况较上游矿区及其周围区域要好,居民区与矿区周围生态安全状况差,占流域面积的15.34%;流域内安全等级分布具有明显的区域性,在各乡镇中除金顶镇处于不安全状态、宝丰乡处于预警状态之外,其余各乡镇均处于安全状态。经实地调查,研究结果与沘江流域生态环境现状相吻合,人为干扰是引起流域部分区域安全状况低下的主要原因,而在人为活动中,铅锌矿的开采是造成流域生态不安全的最主要原因。Ecological security is a hot issue of sustainable development,geography,ecology and environmental science. In order to diagnose eco-environmental problems and ecological security status of mining watershed,this article takes Bijiang watershed as the study area. Bijiang River is a branch of international Lancang river and in the upper reach of Bijiang watershed,it is the Asia＇s largest lead-zinc mine. Based on the Pressure-State-Response（PSR） model and GIS technology,this article constructed the index system of 4 levels and 18 evaluation factors,took 30 m × 30 m grid as basic evaluation unit,used ecological security comprehensive appraisal methods to diagnose the grid cells and the towns＇ ecological security after using the entropy weight method. The diagnosis results are divided into six levels which is very safe,safer,basic security,early warning,unsafe and very unsafe. The results will provide data and scientific basis to protect watershed eco-security. The results show that： ecological security in Bijiang watershed in 2012 is good from entirety. There are 65. 13% of the area is in safe condition and the ecological security of midstream and downstream is better than the upstream. The worried status of ecological security was in residential,industrial and mining area which are accounted for 15. 34% of watershed area. Security level distribution in was not balanced,which has evident regional characteristics. In the townships,Jingding Town is in unsafe condition,Baofeng Town is in early warning status,and the rest of the townships are in safe condition. After the field survey,the evaluation results are coincided with the situation of Bijiang River valley now,and lead-zinc mine exploited is the most important man-made factor which caused ecological insecurity.

关 键 词：生态安全诊断 压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型 沘江流域 铅锌矿开发 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]