蒯因整体论:经验论的第四个里程碑  

Quinean Holism: the Fourth Landmark of Empiricism

作　　者：夏国军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2015年第3期3-10,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部社科基金后期资助项目"美国整体主义认识论研究"(12JHQ048);上海教育委员会科研创新项目"静态整体论与动态整体论的张力"(Shj20151006)

摘　　要：整体论被蒯因视为经验论的第四个里程碑,而对此做出实质性贡献的正是蒯因本人。蒯因整体论的第一个层次包括意义整体论、知识整体论和证据整体论。蒯因的意义整体论,以时间为线索,又可以划分为早期的激进整体论和后期的温和整体论;而以内容为依据,还可以进一步细分为指称整体论和翻译整体论。这些属于蒯因整体论第二个层次的外延分型。蒯因的意义载体理论完成了对既往相关的词素说、语词说和语句说的超越。而蒯因的知识整体论以及证据整体论的影响更为显著:第一,它们已经使古老的西方哲学的研究主题及范式发生了格式塔的转换;第二,它们将古老的经验论或认识论改造为一种语义学理论;第三,它们使一度被维也纳学派和弗雷格、早期维特根斯坦等经典分析哲学家们所终结的古老形而上学研究再度在语言层面得以恢复。Quine treated holism as the fourth landmark of empiricism, in fact, it was him who made a tremendous contribution to it. Hierarchically speaking, Quinean first-order holism included meaning holism, knowledge one and evidence one. With the clue of time, Quinean meaning holism can be divided into early radical holism and late moderate one; on the basis of content, it also can be divided into reference holism and translation one. All these belonged to the extension of Quinean second-order holism. Quinean theory about meaning supporter transcended traditional correlative theo- ries, namely the doctrine of morpheme, the deotrine of word and the doctrine of sentence. Further, Quinean knowledge holism and translation one had a great influence： first, they made ancient western philosophy realized transformation of Gestalt in research subject and paradigm; second, they got old empiricism or epistemology became a sort of semantics; third, they renewed the antique study of metaphysics at the level of language, which once put it to end by the Vienna Circle and classic analytical philosophers such as G. Frege, Early Wittgenstein, and so on.

关 键 词：整体论 意义整体论 知识整体论 证据整体论 翻译整体论 指称整体论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]