农村生活污水处理的成本有效性研究:问题及展望  

The Status and Prospect of Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Rural Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：刘平养[1] 沈哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期91-97,共7页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41201589);上海市哲学社会科学规划资助项目(2011JG002-EZH750)

摘　　要：如何在快速城市化进程中,逐步提高农村生活污水处理水平已经成为我国环境领域重点关注的问题.相对于城镇生活污水集中处理,由于其高成本特征,发达国家对不同模式的成本有效性问题尤为关注,包括集中处理与分散处理的成本有效边界,长期管理运营模式以及相应的责任分担机制等.同时,对成本有效性研究的方法也已经从一般的成本收益分析发展成为对生命周期的成本分析,并且正从简单的成本最小化原则向考虑外部性因素的社会成本最小化原则演变.相比较而言,我国农村生活污水处理的问题比发达国家要复杂得多,而当前对于快速城市化动态变化过程中的成本有效性问题关注明显不足.需要针对快速城市化对农村生活污水处理的技术有效性和成本有效性的影响,从理论和分析方法两个方面进行深入研究,为我国农村生活污水处理能力的快速提升提供更加科学合理的决策参考.How to promote the rural wastewater treatment capacity development on the context of rapid urbanization is becoming the main challenge in the field of China＇s en, fironmentaI protection. Because of the high cost characteristic compared to urban centralized treatment, the cost effectiveness has long been the key issue in developed countries, including the economic boundaries of centralized and decentralized treatment, the long term management and responsibility sharing mechanism. Meanwhile, the analysis method has been developed from cost effectiveness analysis to life cycle cost analysis, and the guideline is changed from cost minimization to social cost minimization. Rural wastewater treatment in China is much more complicated because of the impact of rapid urbanization, and research on its economic analysis is in the beginning stages. It is suggested that more attention be paid to the social economic aspect, and seek for more appropriate scheme comparison and selection mechanism, promoting the steady development of rural wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 城市化 成本有效性 分散处理 集中处理 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]