采造务、堡寨、弓箭手:北宋对西北吐蕃居地的开发与开拓  

Caizaowu(采造务),Baozhai(堡寨),Gongjianshou(弓箭手):The Developing of and Expanding into the Tubo Residential Land by the North Song Dynasty

作　　者：聂传平[1] 侯甬坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2015年第1期56-64,180,共9页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

摘　　要：北宋对西北吐蕃居地的开发与开拓可分为三个阶段:第一阶段(960-1037),以采伐森林资源为主,虽然宋廷反对开边,但采造务及堡寨的设置仍然使北宋的实际控制范围沿渭河谷地向上游推进;第二阶段(1038-1071),北宋推行弓箭手屯田与修筑堡寨相结合的屯田进筑政策,将实际控制范围渐次向吐蕃部落居地推进;第三阶段(1072-1127),北宋实行武力开边政策,创设熙河路,将西北吐蕃居地纳入版图。北宋对西北吐蕃居地的开发与开拓是相辅相成的,自然资源的开发为边疆开拓奠定物质基础,边疆的开拓又为自然资源开发提供新的空间,二者相互结合,取得显著成效。There are three stages in the developing and exploitation of the Tubo residential land by the North Song Dynasty:first stage(960-1037),exploiting the forest resource.Though the Song court objected to expand the frontier,the establishment of Caizaowu and Baozhai enabled the Song Dynasty to put forward along the upstream of Wei river(渭河).Second stage(1038- 1071),Song government carried out a forward policy to send Bowmen to build garrison and farming station,putting its control forward into some of the Tubo tribal land.Third stage(1072- 1127),Song government took a policy of militarily expanding the frontier,established Xihelu(熙河路),northwest Tubo residential land became its territory.The North Song's developing of and expanding into its northwest Tubo residential land are of the same process,exploiting the natural resources builds a foundation for expanding frontier,frontier expanding provides a new space for developing the natural resources.

关 键 词：采造务 堡寨 弓箭手 吐蕃部落 拓边 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]