水氮互作对花生根系生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Peanut Root Growth and Yield

作　　者：丁红[1] 张智猛[1] 戴良香[1] 杨吉顺[1] 慈敦伟[1] 秦斐斐[1] 宋文武[1] 万书波[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]山东省农业科学院,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第5期872-881,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201171);山东省农业科学院青年英才培养计划;山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2012NY010);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04);山东省科技发展计划项目(2013GNC11107);山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队岗位专家(SDAIT-05-022-06);青岛市民生科技计划(14-2-3-34-nsh)

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同水分处理下氮肥对不同抗旱性品种根系生长及产量的影响,探讨花生根系对水分和氮肥的反应机理,为花生水肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验,在中度干旱胁迫(W0,45%—50%田间持水量)和充足灌水(W1,70%—75%田间持水量)两个水分处理下设置N0(不施氮)、N1(中氮,90 kg?hm-2)、N2(高氮,180 kg?hm-2)3个施氮水平,研究抗旱型品种花育22号和干旱敏感型品种花育23号2个不同抗旱性花生品种根系生物量、根长、根系表面积、根系伤流量及产量变化。分别采集0—20 cm、20—40 cm和40 cm以下土层根系样品,采用Win Rhizo Pro Vision 5.0a分析程序对扫描根系图像进行分析。【结果】不同抗旱性花生品种根系发育在不同水分条件下对施用氮肥的响应不同。对于抗旱型花生品种花育22号,与不施氮肥相比,干旱胁迫处理下施用氮肥降低其总根长、总根系表面积和0—20 cm土层内根长和根系表面积,增加了40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积;正常供水处理下施用氮肥处理降低其0—20 cm土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积,但增加40 cm以下土层内根系性状。干旱敏感型品种花育23号的根系对水分和氮肥的响应与抗旱型品种花育22号不同:干旱胁迫处理下,施用氮肥增加其总根系生物量和总根长和40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积;正常供水处理下,施用氮肥降低其40 cm以下土层内根长和根系表面积。不同抗旱性花生品种根系伤流强度对水氮互作的响应一致,与正常供水处理相比,两品种干旱胁迫下根系伤流强度均降低,干旱敏感型品种花育23号的降低幅度大于抗旱型品种花育22号。施用氮肥增加两品种干旱胁迫处理下的根系伤流强度,提高其干旱胁迫下产量;正常供水处理下中氮处理增加抗旱型品种花育22号的产量,对干旱敏感型【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on root growth and yield of peanut varieties differing in drought tolerance under different water conditions and to provide a theoretical basis for the management ofwater and fertilizer in peanut.【Method】The drought-resistant variety Huayu 22 and drought-sensitive variety Huayu 23 were planted in the anti-canopy tanks using the soil column. The soil water condition had two levels： well-watered conditions（W1） and medium drought（W0）（corresponding soil water contents are 70%-75% and 45%-50% of field capacity, respectively）. The nitrogen had three levels： no nitrogen（N0）, moderate nitrogen（N1, 90 kg·hm^-2） and high nitrogen（（N2, 180 kg·hm^-2）. The root morphological characters,root exudates and yield of peanut were investigated under different treatments. Root samples were collected from 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and below 40 cm soil layers, respectively. Root length, root surface area and volume were determined by a scanner and analyzed by Win Rhizo Pro Vision 5.0a software. 【 Result 】 The effects of nitrogen application on root development of peanut varieties with different drought resistance were different under different water conditions. Compared with no nitrogen fertilizer, the total root length,total root surface area and the root length and root surface area in 0-20 cm soil layer of Huayu 22（drought resistant peanut variety）were decreased by application of nitrogen fertilizer under drought stress, while the root biomass, root length and root surface area in the soil layers below 40 cm were increased. The nitrogen fertilizer treatment decreased root biomass, root length and root surface area in 0-20 cm soil layer of Huayu 22 under well-watered conditions, and the root system traits in the soil layer below 40 cm were increased. The root response of Huayu 23（drought sensitive peanut variety） to water and nitrogen treatment was different from Huayu 22. The total root biomass, total root le

关 键 词：花生 根系 水氮互作 产量 土层 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]