减氮对半冬性中筋小麦产量、NUE及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响  

Effects of Reduction Nitrogen on Grain Yield,NUE and Enzymes Activities Related to Nitrogen Metabolism in Semi-Winter Medium-gluten Wheat

作　　者：易媛 董召娣[1,2] 张明伟 蔡宝宾[1,2] 朱新开 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 [2]扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第2期365-374,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271642);农业部行业科研专项(201103003);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B09);江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(13KJA210004);江苏高校优势学科建设工程和江苏高校优秀科技创新团队

摘　　要：为了研究半冬性中筋小麦在减氮条件下籽粒产量、氮效率(NUE)及氮代谢关键酶活性的差异与调控效应,于2012年-2013年以半冬性中筋小麦徐麦30、保麦1号为供试品种进行池栽试验。研究表明,施用氮肥增加了穗数和粒数,扩大了小麦库容(公顷粒数),而粒重却有所下降,但穗数和粒数的增加幅度大于粒重的降低幅度,从而提高了单位面积籽粒产量。施氮量从270 kg·hm-2降至225kg·hm-2,籽粒谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性略有提升,而单株氮素积累量、花后剑叶硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、籽粒GS活性均呈下降趋势,籽粒产量有所降低,但差异未达显著水平。减氮影响了植株对氮素的吸收,对氮肥表观利用率(RE)有降低效应,但增强了氮肥偏生产力(PFP)和氮素生理效率(PE),对NHI影响较小。在兼顾生产成本、生态和效益的条件下,将氮肥用量从270 kg·hm-2减少至225 kg·hm-2,更有利于半冬性中筋小麦的可持续高效生产。本研究为小麦合理施氮及提高氮肥利用效率提供科学依据。To determine the effects of reduction nitrogen on enzymes activities related to nitrogen metabolism, grain yield and NUE of wheat,the plot experiment was conducted with two medium-gluten wheat cuhivars ＇ Baomai 1 ＇ and ＇ Xumai 30＇ in 2012 to 2013 growing seasons. The results showed that both ears and the sink capacity of wheat （grains number amount per hectare） enlarged, while the grains weight decreased when increasing N amount. However, the positive effects of ears and spikelets were higher than the negative effects of grain weight, which could get high grain yield. Decreasing N application amount from 270 kg. hm-2 to 225 kg. hm -2, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） activities in grains were slightly improved, while N accumulation per plant, nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamine synthetase （GS） activities in flag leaves, GS activities in grains were all reduced, which their differences were. not significant caused the reduction of grain yield. Decreasing nitrogen amount could reduce N Recovery Efficiency （RE） and N accumulation of plant, while improve the Physiological Efficiency （PE） and Partial Factor Productivity （PFP） , and slightly affect the Nitrogen Harvest Index （NHI）. Considering ecological benefit and cost of production, decreasing nitrogen application from 270 kg·hm-2 to 225 kg·hm-2could get sustainable and highly effective production for semi winter medium-gluten wheat.

关 键 词：中筋小麦 氮肥用量 籽粒产量 NUE 氮代谢代谢酶活性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]