低温胁迫对扬麦16产量的影响及缓解措施研究  

Effects of Low Temperature on Grain Yield of ‘Yangmai 16',Prevention and Disaster Relief Measures

作　　者：徐雯 杨景 邓乐乐 郑明明 郭文善 朱新开 李春燕 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培学科群观测站,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省宜兴市农林局农业技术推广中心,江苏宜兴214200

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第2期375-382,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31000683;30971729);江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2012467);江苏省大学生实践创新训练计划(201311117090X)

摘　　要：为了评估低温对小麦生长的影响,探索缓解低温伤害的有效措施,本试验以春性品种扬麦16为材料,研究分蘖期和拔节期低温胁迫对产量形成的影响以及冻害的减灾防御调控措施。结果表明,分蘖期和拔节期低温胁迫均对扬麦16植株产生伤害,分蘖期（-10℃）、拔节期（-5℃）分别胁迫72 h,扬麦16茎蘖冻死率均为100%。处理间表现为随着温度的降低、胁迫时间的延长,产量下降幅度增大。分蘖期喷施抗寒剂均不同程度地缓解低温的危害,以喷施1.05 kg·hm-2PP333处理抗寒效果最好,0.1%（NH4）6Mo7O24次之,10 mmol·L-1Ca Cl2效果略差。低温前土壤水分为田间最大持水量的70%~90%时有缓解低温冻害的效果,低于60%小麦受冻减产严重。拔节期冻灾后施用三元复合肥有挽回产量损失的作用,以施250 kg·hm-2三元复合肥缓解效果最好,肥料农学利用率高,研究结果为低温冻害后小麦实现稳产提供了科学依据与技术支撑。In order to evaluate the effects of low temperature on wheat production, and explore the effective prevention and disaster relief measures, using spring wheat cultivar ＇ Yangmai 16＇ as a material, the effects of low temperature at tillering stage and jointing stage on the degree of damage and grain yield were studied, and the regulation measures with the aim of minimizing cold damage were also suggested. The results showed that plant morphological characteristics were affected by low temperature at tillering stage and jointing stage. At tillering stage, most stems and tillers of ＇ Yangmai 16＇ died when wheat plants were treated at - 10℃ for 72 h. At jointing stage, all the main stems and tillers died when the plants were treated at- 5℃ for 72 h. Grain yield of the wheat plants treated with low temperatures at both tillering and jointing stages were lower than those grown under normal conditions. The lower the temperature and the longer the treatment was, the more decline in grain yield was. Different cold-resistant agents had different mitigating effects against low temperature damage at tillering stage. The foliage spray of 1.05 kg·hm-2 of PP333 produced the best cold-resistant effects, followed by 0. 1% of （NH4 ）6Mo7O24 and 10 mmol· L-1 of CaCI2. Low temperature damage could be mitigated by keeping soil water content of field capacity at an appropriate level from 70% to 90% before cold stress occurrence. The grain yield decreased when soil water content was lower than 60% of field capacity. Applying fertilizer after cold stress at jointing stage was an effective measure against cold damage and increasing grain yield. The application of 250 kg·hm-2 of three-nutrient compound fertilizer （N： P2O5：K20 15： 15：15 ） could play a better role in mitigating low temperature damage, and therefore the fertilizer use efficiency was high. These results provided technical support to achieve high yield of wheat under low temperature.

关 键 词：扬麦16 低温 产量 防御补救措施 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]