玉米秸秆腐解液对苗期根际土壤酶活性及根系活力的影响  

Effects of Maize Stalk Decomposing Liquid on Seedling Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Root Activity

作　　者：乔天长[1] 赵先龙[1] 张丽芳[1] 焦健[1] 魏湜[1] 顾万荣[1] 李晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院/农业部东北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第2期383-390,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B06);寒地作物品种改良与生理生态重点开放实验室项目(HDZW-008)

摘　　要：玉米连作现象在黑龙江省农田生态系统中较为普遍,秸秆焚烧既浪费资源又污染环境,研究玉米秸秆还田后的化感效应尤显重要,但秸秆还田后的效应尚不清楚。本研究以玉米(郑单958)为受体,采用盆栽试验,分析不同腐解时间(0.25、60、120、180d)、不同腐解浓度(0、0.125、0.25、0.5 g·m L-1DW)玉米秸秆腐解液对苗期根际土壤酶活性及根系活力的影响,试图从土壤酶学和根系活力变化的角度初步阐明连作状态下秸秆还田对苗期玉米生长的影响,以期为大田生产中应用秸秆还田技术提供相关科学依据。结果表明:玉米幼苗四叶、五叶、六叶期,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均在60d腐解天数,0.5 g·m L-1DW浓度处理下达到最高。土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均在120d腐解腐解天数,0.5 g·m L-1DW处理下达到最高。土壤过氧化物酶活性在幼苗四叶、五叶期,腐解60d,0.5 g·m L-1DW浓度处理下达到最高,六叶期酶活与对照相比差异均不显著。玉米幼苗根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶的活性随腐解液浓度的增加而增加;随着玉米秸秆腐解天数的增加,呈现先升高后降低的趋势;随叶龄增加,腐解液对根际土壤酶活性的影响逐渐减弱。玉米幼苗根系活力随着秸秆腐解液浓度的增大先升高后降低;低(0.125 g·m L-1DW)、中(0.25 g·m L-1DW)浓度下对根系活力的促进作用也随叶龄增加逐渐减弱。Continuous cropping was very common in Heilongjiang maize production. It is very important to investigate the allelopthic effects after maize straw returning for that it is not only a waste of resources but pollute the environment to conduct straw burning. We don＇ t know the certain mechanism for the effect of straw returning. Maize （ ＇ Zhengdan958＇ ） was chosen as experimental materials. The pot experiment was used to analyzed the effects of maize stalk decomposing liquid on seedling rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and root activity under different decomposing time （0.25, 60, 120, 120 d）, and the different decomposing solution concentrations （0, 0. 125, 0.25, 0.5 g. mL-＇ DW）. This study was to investigate the effect of maize straw returning on maize growth under continuous cropping production from soil enzyme and root vigor aspects. The objective of this experiment is to provide scientific basis for the application of straw returning in field production. The results showed that the soil invertase, urease activity of maize seedling reached the highest value at 60 d decomposing fluid,0.5g·mL-1 DWconcentration in four-leaf, five-leaf and six-leaf stage. Soil acid phosphatase activity reached the highest value in 120 d decomposing fluid, 0.5 g· mL-1DW treatment. Soil peroxidase activity reached the highest in 60 d decomposing fluid, 0. 5 g·mL-1DW treatment in four-leaf, five-leaf stage of the seedlings. And in six-leaf stage enzyme activity showed no significant difference compared with the control. Maize seedling rhizosphere soil enzyme activity increased with the increasing straw decomposing liquid concentration, the effects increased at first and decreased subsequently with the increasing straw decomposing liquid days, the effects was weakened gradually with the aging leaves. Maize seedling root activity increased at first and decreased subsequently with the increasing straw decomposing liquid concentration. The low （0. 125g·mL-1DW） concentration and medium （0. 25g · mL-1DW） conc

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆腐解液 酶活性 根系活力 化感物质 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]