稻茬小麦不同氮肥利用率群体间产量、品质和经济效益的差异  

Difference in Yield,Quality and Economic Income among Wheat Populations with Different Nitrogen Utilization Rate Following Rice

作　　者：丁锦峰 黄正金 成亚梅 李春燕 郭文善 朱新开 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 [2]扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第2期251-257,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971729;31271642;31401317);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09);江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(13KJA210004);江苏省农业三新工程项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;江苏高校优秀科技创新团队资助项目;扬州大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目

摘　　要：为给稻茬小麦大面积高产、优质、高效栽培提供理论与实践依据,在稻麦两熟制条件下,以扬麦20为材料,通过氮肥施用量、施用比例和时期调控构建不同氮肥利用率（NUR）群体,研究不同群体间产量及其构成、籽粒品质和经济效益的差异。结果表明,氮高效群体（NUR≥60%）的籽粒产量、出粉率、硬度、净效益及产投比均显著高于氮中效群体（NUR40%~60%）和氮低效群体（NUR≤40%）。不同氮肥利用率群体间籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值差异均不显著。NUR与籽粒产量、出粉率、硬度、净效益和产投比均呈极显著线性正相关。氮高效群体具有适宜穗数和较高穗粒数,而千粒重显著高于其他群体。NUR与千粒重呈极显著线性正相关。以上结果说明,通过氮肥的合理运筹可以实现产量、效率、品质、效益协调提高的栽培目标。In order to provide producer the information in combined improvement of yield,quality and nitrogen efficiency of wheat,the field experiments were conducted as split-plot design,which included16 combinations of two applications of nitrogen amount（210.0kg·hm-2 and 262.5kg·hm-2）,two nitrogen applied ratios of basis∶tillering∶elongation∶booting（3∶1∶3∶3and 5∶1∶2∶2）,and four nitrogen topdressing stages（flag leaf stage,booting stage,heading stage and anthesis）,using wheat variety Yangmai 20 as material,wheat populations at different nitrogen utilization rate（NUR）levels were established by the above agronomic managements in the rice-wheat rotation system.The differences on grain yield,yield components,grain quality and economy income between/among different NUR level populations were analyzed,respectively.Of NUR≥60% population（high NUR population）,grain yield,flour yield,hardness,economic income and input-output ratio was significantly higher than either NUR 40%~60% population（median NUR population）or NUR≤40% population（low NUR population）.But the differences of protein content,starch content,wet gluten content and sedimentation in grain were not significant between/among different NUR level popula-tions.The great significant correlations were found between NUR with grain yield,flour yield,hardness,economic income as well as input-output ratio.Moreover,high NUR population possessed appropriated number of ears,higher grains per spike,yet its 1 000-grain weight was dramatically more than other population＇s.Plus,NUR was significantly correlation with 1 000-grain weight.Reasonable nitrogen managements could be one of the strategies to achieve the cultivation aim of combined improvement of yield,nitrogen efficiency,quality and economy income.

关 键 词：稻茬小麦 氮肥利用率 产量 品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318