三峡水库实施中小洪水调度风险分析及对策探讨  

Risk analysis of implementing middle- small flood dispatch by Three Gorges Project and countermeasures

作　　者：郑守仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]水利部长江水利委员会,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2015年第5期7-12,共6页Yangtze River

摘　　要：为科学调度运用防洪库容,合理利用洪水资源,在三峡工程正常蓄水位175 m试验性蓄水期间,实施了中小洪水滞洪调度和提前至汛末蓄水方案。分析了方案存在的防洪风险、泥沙淤积风险以及对生态环境的不利影响。采取设定中小洪水滞洪调度启用条件,使防洪风险可控,相机适时控泄流量检验下游堤防抗洪能力以防止河道萎缩等对策,降低了防洪风险。在实施汛期沙峰(排沙)调度和汛前库尾减淤调度时,试验得到了"蓄清排浑"运行新模式,减小了水库泥沙淤积风险。提出应加强试验研究和跟踪监测,探索减小生态环境不利影响的措施,为全面发挥三峡工程综合效益,降低各种风险提供了技术支撑。In order to dispatch and utilize the flood storage scientifically and utilize the flood resources reasonably, during the trial impoundment operation of Three Gorges Project at 175 m water level, the scheme of dispatching the middle -small flood and advancing the impoundment to the end of flood season was implemented. The risks of flood control and sedimentation, and tbe ad- verse effect on the ecological environment are analyzed. The implementation standard for middle - small flood dispatch was set to control the flood risk, and the release discharge was controlled at right time to test the fiood control capacity of downstream levee, so as to prevent the channel shrinkage and reduce the flood risk. Through carrying out sediment discharge dispatch in the flood season and the sedimentation reduction dispatch in the reservoir tail, a new dispatch mode of storing clear and releasing muddy is proposed. The measures of strengthening the experimental research and monitoring to mitigate the adverse affect on ecological en- vironment are put forward. It provides technical support for giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of Three Gorges Project and the risk control.

关 键 词：提前蓄水方案 防洪风险 泥沙淤积 三峡工程 中小洪水调度 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]