盐渍化弃耕地典型盐生植被抗逆性与恢复重建过程分析  

Analysis of the Typical Halophytic Vegetation Resistance and Restoration Process in Abandoned Salinized Field

作　　者：王静娅[1] 王明亮[2] 刘广明[3] 楚光明[3] 吴英翔[1] 张凤华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学.新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆兵团技术市场办公室,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第1期129-136,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20126518110002);兵团技术转移专项(2013BD051);石河子大学技术攻关计划项目(gxjs2011-zdgg03)

摘　　要：【目的】研究典型盐生植被水盐调节方式和植被恢复重建过程,为盐渍化弃耕地人工恢复与重建提供参考依据。【方法】选择新疆准噶尔盆地南缘盐漠带为研究区,调查盐生植被分布和土壤盐分状况,分析典型盐生植物种柽柳、花花柴和猪毛菜的水盐胁迫调节方式及植被恢复重建过程。【结果】研究区中度盐化土壤占总面积的60%,土壤盐分表聚特征明显,随着土层深度增加,轻度盐化土壤面积逐渐增加,重度盐化土壤面积显著减小;自然植被以抗旱盐生为主,主要优势物种相对密度达到50%以上;柽柳水盐胁迫调节能力最强,其中土壤含盐量是影响柽柳和猪毛菜生理变化的关键因子,而影响花花柴抗性生理的关键因子是土壤含水量。植物多样性分别比恢复前增加了18%~48%,植被覆盖度由恢复前15%~20%增加到50%~70%。【结论】对盐渍化弃耕地盐生植被群落采取适当人工措施进行植被恢复与重建,可显著提高地表覆盖度和植被多样性。[ Objective ] The purpose of this project is to provide a reference for artificial restoration and reconstruction process in abandoned salinized field by researching the typical halophytic vegetation resistance and restoration process. [ Method] The salt desert of southern Southern Junggar Basin in Xinjiang was chosen as the study area, the soil salinity and vegetation distribution were investigated, and the water and saline stress way of typical halophytic vegetation （Tamarix chinensis, Karelinia caspica, Salsola collina） and vegetation re- covery process in the study area were analyzed. [ Result ] The moderate salinized soil was the main type, ac- counting for 60% of the total area, and salt accumulation in surface soil was obvious. With soil deoth increas-ing,the slight salinized soil increased gradually, and severe salinized soil decreased slgnficanuy. Tne main natural vegetation was drought -resistant halophyte, and the relative density of preponderant species was over 50%. The water salt stress adjustment ability of Tamarix chinensis was the strongest. Soil salinity was the key factor affecting the physiological changes of Tamarix chinensis and Salsola collina, and the key factor affecting Karelinia caspia was soil moisture. With vegetation restoration,the plant diversity increased by 18% -48%, the vegetation coverage increased from 15% -20% before restoration to 50% -70% . [ Conclusion ] The study showed that, through vegetation recovery and reconstruction by some measures in abandoned salinized field, we could improve the vegetation surface coverage and biodiversity significantly.

关 键 词：干旱区 弃耕地 盐漠带 水盐胁迫 植被恢复 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学] Q945.78