安徽省直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果研究  

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and boron fertilizers on direct seeding winter oilseed rape( Brassica napus L. ) in Anhui Province

作　　者：韩上 武际[1,2] 吴新民 胡鹏 李孝勇[5] 胡润 朱学步[7] 郭熙盛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]黄山市农业技术推广中心,安徽黄山242700 [4]巢湖市农业技术推广中心,安徽合肥230031 [5]广德县农业技术推广中心,安徽宣城242200 [6]贵池区农业技术推广中心,安徽池州247100 [7]舒城县农业技术推广中心,安徽六安231300

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第1期38-43,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05);安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(13A1003);安徽省科技厅项目(1406c085025);公益性行业科研专项(201203013)

摘　　要：针对安徽省直播冬油菜产量水平不高和施肥效率较低的问题,通过大田试验研究氮磷钾硼肥对安徽省直播冬油菜产量、经济效益、养分吸收利用和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾硼肥配合施用处理的籽粒产量和产值最高,分别达1 850 kg/hm2和7 583元/hm2,各肥料增产顺序为N>P>K>B;扣除肥料成本,施肥效益为N>P>B≈K。NPKB处理的各养分吸收积累也最高,缺氮和缺磷处理显著降低油菜地上部各养分吸收积累。NPKB处理在产量、施肥效益、养分积累和肥料表观利用率、贡献率上均高于农民习惯施肥处理。说明在安徽直播油菜栽培时,农民需改变沿袭下来的移栽油菜的施肥技术模式,推广使用新的氮磷钾硼肥配合施用技术模式。To resolve the problem of low yield level and nutrient use efficiency of direct seeding winter oilseed rape in Anhui Province,field trials were conducted to determine the fertilization effects of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）,potassium（K）and boron（ B） on seed yield,economic benefit,nutrient absorption and accumulation and fertilizer use efficiencies. The results showed that the combination application of N,P,K,and B（ NPKB） achieved the greatest seed yield（1850 kg / hm^2）and economic income（7583 Yuan/hm^2）. The sequence of effects of N,P,K and B on the seed yield were N〉P〉K〉B,and the effects of different fertilization on the net profit as N〉P〉B≈K. The nutrient absorption of the above-ground in NPKB treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of PKB and NKB treatments. The indices of NPKB treatment,such as seed yield,net profit,nutrient accumulation and apparent recovery efficiency（RE）,fertilizer contribution rate（FCR） were higher than those of FFP treatment. Therefore,the traditional fertilization technology for transplanting oilseed rape should be changed and the suitable fertilization management（ combination application of N,P,K,and B fertilizers） should be recommended to accommodate direct seeding winter oilseed rape in Anhui Province.

关 键 词：直播油菜 产量 经济效益 养分 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]