30种中草药植物对尿素水解和硝化作用的抑制效果研究  

Inhibitory effect of 30 medical herbs on urea hydrolysis and nitrification

作　　者：史云峰[1,2] 兰天[1] 张丽莉[2] 赵牧秋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]琼州学院生物科学与技术学院,海南三亚572022 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第1期73-79,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(312100);三亚市省基金配套项目(2013PT22);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B04)

摘　　要：采用室内培养实验,分别研究了21科30种中草药的植物浸提液对3种土壤中尿素水解和硝化作用的抑制效果。结果表明,中草药植物浸提液能够对尿素水解起抑制作用的有23种,其中8种的抑制效果优于脲酶抑制剂氢醌（HQ）;浸提液能够抑制硝化作用的植物有25种,其中3种的硝化抑制效果优于双氰胺（DCD）;唇形科植物夏枯草（Prunella vulgaris L.）和忍冬科植物金银花（Lonicera japonica Thunb.）既能有效抑制尿素水解,又能有效减缓NH＋4的硝化,是尿基氮肥增效剂的最佳选择。研究还表明,夏枯草和金银花粉末在培养后的24-36 h脲酶抑制率最高,在培养后的14-21 d硝化抑制率最高,且抑制效果随粉末用量的增加而增强。This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of 21 families 30 species medical herbs on urea hydrolysis and nitrification in 3 soils with laboratory incubation experiment. The results indicated that aqueous extracts of 23 species medical herbs could inhibit urea hydrolysis,among them 8 species showed better efficacy than urease inhibitor hydroquinone（ HQ）. The aqueous extracts of 25 species of medical herbs could inhibit nitrification of NH＋4,and 3 among them showed better efficacy than nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide（ DCD）. Lamiaceae plant Prunella vulgaris and caprifoliaceae plant Lonicera japonica could both inhibit urea hydrolysis and nitrification effectively,which could be the best choices as urea synergist. The study results also indicated that the highest urease inhibitory rate appeared at 24 - 36 h after incubation experiment started,and the highest nitrification inhibitory rate appeared at 14 - 21 d when using powder of Prunella vulgaris and Lonicera japonica as experiment materials. The inhibitory effect of these two kinds of plant powder increased with their increasing dosage.

关 键 词：中草药植物 尿素水解 硝化作用 抑制作用 

分 类 号：S143.14[农业科学—肥料学]