不同灌溉方式和氮肥用量对寒地粳稻干物质积累与转运的影响  

Effect of irrigation method and nitrogen amount on cumulation and operation of dry matter of japonica rice

作　　者：陈宾宾[1] 邹德堂[1] 赵宏伟[1] 刘忠良[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第1期84-90,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：科技部科技攻关项目2011BAD35B02-01;科技部科技支撑项目2011BAD16B11;"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目2013BAD20B04

摘　　要：采用田间裂区设计的方法,研究了不同灌溉方式和氮肥用量对寒地粳稻干物质累积与运转的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式和氮肥用量对抽穗期、抽穗期后、成熟期的干物质累积量、茎鞘物质输出率和转化率的影响达显著水平,且互作效应显著。轻干湿交替灌溉方式结合适量的氮肥用量可显著提高抽穗期、抽穗期后、成熟期的干物质累积量、茎鞘物质的输出率和转换率;中、重干湿交替方式下,增加氮肥用量虽可提高干物质累积量,但不利于抽穗期至成熟期干物质累积和茎鞘物质的转运。减少氮肥用量可减缓水分胁迫对干物质累积及转运控水效应和互作效应的负效应。本试验表明,轻干湿交替灌溉方式结合150-225 kg·hm^-2的氮肥用量的方式为本试验条件下最优的水、氮互作方式;而中、重干湿交替灌溉方式,氮肥用量应减为75-150 kg·hm^-2,以缓解控水效应和互作效应的负效应。Split-plot design was used in this experiment to study the effect of irrigation method and nitrogen amount on the cumulative and operation of dry matter. The results showed that the impacts of irrigation method and nitrogen amount on dry matter cumulative amount,output rate and conversion rate of stem and sheath matter in the main growth periods,from heading date to maturity were significant and the interaction effect was significant. Light wet and dry alternating irrigation method combined with the right amount of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the amount of dry matter accumulation,output rate and conversion rate of stem and sheath matter from heading date to maturity. In moderate and heavy wet and dry alternating way,increasing the amount of nitrogen amount could increase dry matter accumulation,but wasn＇t conducive to the dry matter cumulative and conversion of stem and sheath in heading date to maturity. Reducing nitrogen amount could reduce the negative effects of water stress on dry matter accumulation and water control negative coupling effect. Therefore,150 - 225 kg · hm^-2nitrogen combined with light wet and dry alternating irrigation methods was the optimal water and nitrogen coupling under the test condition. While under moderate and heavy wet and dry alternating way,nitrogen amount should be reduced to 75 - 150 kg · hm^-2to weaken the negative effects and water control coupling effects.

关 键 词：灌溉方式 氮肥用量 互作效应 干物质 寒地粳稻 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学] S143.1