两种禾本科冬绿肥生长规律及腐解特征比较  

The comparison of growth dynamic and decomposing characteristics of two kinds of winter green manure

作　　者：常帅[1,2] 闫慧峰[1] 杨举田 张永春 孙艳茹[1,2] 贺远[1,2] 石屹[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第1期101-105,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203091);中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技重大专项(201101)

摘　　要：在山东临沂研究了冬播绿肥黑麦(冬牧70)和大麦的生长发育、养分吸收规律,并通过原位培养法比较了绿肥翻压后腐解及养分释放的差异。结果表明,冬牧70和大麦在返青后均迅速积累干物质,大麦的快速生长期在3月下旬,冬牧70的快速生长期在4月上旬,冬牧70进入快速生长期后的生长速率高于大麦。两种绿肥的养分吸收规律与干物质积累规律一致,冬牧70和大麦的氮、磷、钾吸收量基本一致。两种绿肥在翻压30 d内快速腐解,腐解率和氮素释放率达到了80%以上,大麦的腐解速率高于冬牧70,而矿质营养元素的释放率低于冬牧70,根据腐解和养分释放规律确定两种禾本科绿肥的适宜翻压时间为4月上旬。In this study,winter grass 70 rye（ Secale cereale L.） and barley（ Hordeum vulgare L.） was selected as the two winter green manures to compare the differences on growth dynamic,nutrient absorption and utilization,decomposition changes and nutrients release after incubation. The results showed that dry matter accumulated rapidly after reviving for both of them.The fast growth rate of barley height and winter grass 70 rye were happened in late March and early April,respectively,and the growth rate of winter grass 70 rye was higher than barley in the fast growth period. The dynamic of nutrient accumulation characteristics were similar with the dry matter accumulation for both winter green manures. NPK absorption in both green manures were at the same level. Both green manure decomposed fastly in the first 30 days after incubation and the decomposition rate were higher than 80%. In this stage,decomposition rate of barley was higher than winter grass 70 rye,but the mineral nutrition release rate was less than winter grass 70 rye. According to the decomposition and nutrient release rules,it was concluded that the suitable pressure over time of two kinds of gramineous green manure was in early April.

关 键 词：绿肥 黑麦 大麦 生长特征 养分积累 腐解特征 

分 类 号：S55[农业科学—作物学]