我院289例药物过敏反应分析  

Clinical Analysis of 289 Patients with Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions

作　　者：张俊艳[1] 何颖[1] 陈惠芳[1] 邹泽红[1] 陶爱林[1] 赖荷[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省过敏反应与免疫重点实验室/呼吸疾病国家重点实验室变态反应研究室/广州医科大学附属第二医院,广州510260

出　　处：《中国药房》2015年第8期1082-1084,共3页China Pharmacy

基　　金：广州市科技攻关项目(No.201300000159);广州医科大学博士科研项目(No.2012C43)

摘　　要：目的：探讨药物过敏反应发生的特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法：回顾性收集我院2010年1月-2014年6月期间收集到的289例药物过敏反应患者的临床资料,对患者性别、年龄、用药史、致过敏反应药品种类、给药途径及出现过敏反应的临床表现等进行统计学描述与分析。结果：289例药物过敏反应患者中,男性156例,女性133例,男女比例为1.17∶1,年龄1~78岁,平均年龄36.5岁;抗菌药物导致的药物过敏反应高居首位,占39.10%;紧跟其后的是中药注射制剂与生物制品,分别占12.11%、11.76%;在抗菌药物中又以头孢哌酮/他唑巴坦、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢美唑以及左氧氟沙星的比例最高;静脉给药引起的药物过敏反应最多,占85.47%。结论：临床医师用药前应详细询问并记录药物过敏史以及家族过敏史;注意药物的交叉过敏反应情况;能开展皮试的药物,严格规范地做好皮试;给药过程中严密观察患者,一旦发生药物过敏反应,应快速地予以判断,及时停药,并采取正确的医学处理。OBJECTIVE：To investigate the characteristics of drug hypersensitivity reactions（DHR）and provide reference for safety drug use in clinic. METHODS：A total of 289 patients with DHR were retrospectively collected from Jan. 2010 to Jun. 2014 in our hospital. Clinical data such as age and sex of patients,DHR drug category,administration route,drug category and clinical manifestations was statistically described and analyzed. RESULTS：There were 156 male patients and 133 female patients with DHR the ratio was 1.17∶1 in 289 patients with DHR,ages were from 1 to 78 years,the mean age was 36.5 years. Antibiotic drugs were on the top of drugs that frequently caused DHR（39.10%）,followed by the injection of Chinese medicine and biological products（12.11% and 11.76%,respectively）. Cefoperazone tazobactam,ceftriaxone,ceftizoxime,cefuroxime,cefmetazole and levofloxacin were the most common antibiotic drugs with the high occurrence of DHR. Intravenous administration was easier to cause DHR than other routes of drug administration,accounting for 85.74%. CONCLUSIONS：Clinicians should ask and record detailed history of DHR as well as family history of allergy before prescribing for patients,notice cross-sensitivity of drug allergy and carry out skin test normatively with the suspect drugs if possible. More importantly,closely observe the patients’ general condition during drug administration,quickly to judge if DHR occurred,then timely withdraw the suspect drug and take the correct medical treatment.

关 键 词：药物过敏 临床分析 抗菌药物 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学]