含植物河道的水流垂向流速分布试验研究  

Experimental Study on Vertical Distribution of Flow Velocity in Vegetated River Channel

作　　者：郝文龙[1,2] 吴文强[1] 朱长军[2] 常向萍 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]河北工程大学城市建设学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2015年第2期85-88,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51279214)

摘　　要：河道植物可保持水土并净化水质,对生态系统有很好的修复作用,但河道植物会降低河道的输水和泄洪能力,因此研究植物对水流特性的影响非常重要。为此使用PVC圆柱棒模拟刚性植物,在矩形平底水槽中,采用三维多普勒超声测速仪(ADV)对含刚性植物河道的水流流速垂向分布规律进行了试验研究,分析了含刚性植物明渠水流的流速变化规律。结果表明,无植物区域水流流速垂向分布呈"J"型,符合半对数分布关系;有植物区域,无论是否淹没,水流流速垂向分布呈"S"型,淹没条件下流速垂向分布大体分为植物区域和植物区域以上部分两个区域;植物区域流速垂向分布曲线在局部区域内有一个极小值,取得极小值的拐点在相对淹没度为0.5附近;植物区域以上部分流速垂向分布呈"J"型。River vegetation can conserve soil and water and purify water quality and it also has good repair performance for ecological system.However,vegetation will recede the river channel capability of water delivery and flood discharge.So,it is very important to study the effect of vegetation on flow characteristics.In the experimental study on vertical distribution of flow velocity in vegetated channel,a PVC cylindrical rod is simulated as rigid vegetation.Three-dimensional ultrasonic doppler speedometer ADV was used to measure velocities in different locations of the rectangular flume.The results show that the shape of vertical distribution of flow velocity is ＂J＂ in open channel;whether the vegetation is submerged,the shape of the vertical distribution of flow velocity is ＂ S＂ in vegetated channel;the vertical distribution of velocity with rigid vegetation could be divided into two layers：the vegetated layer and the upper non-vegetated layer;in vegetated layer,the curve has a minimum value in the local area,and the inflection point is near the relative submergence degree y/hv=0.5;the shape of the vertical distribution of flow velocity is ＂J＂ in the vegetated layer.

关 键 词：河道 矩形水槽 植物 流速分布 试验 

分 类 号：TV83[水利工程—水利水电工程]