某大型石油石化企业化学有害因素及其危险性的分析  

Analysis of chemicals and their hazards in a large petrochemical enterprise group

作　　者：张雪艳[1] 张键[2] 顾永恩[1] 汤小辉[2] 贾宁[1] 李翔[2] 李玉珍[1] 缪庆[1] 王忠旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]中国海洋石油总公司,北京100010

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2015年第2期101-106,共6页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项项目(201402021)

摘　　要：目的识别国内某大型石化企业的化学危险因素,并对其危险度进行分析与评价。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,运用安全事故与职业病危险度评价方法对调查企业存在的主要化学危险因素、暴露情况、企业岗位设置情况、危害因素可能导致疾病或安全事故的程度和概率等信息进行调查与分析,确定化学危险因素产生危害作用的可能性。结果共调查该企业有代表性的11家直属工厂,明确了40种化学危险因素,其中硫化氢(2.5%)危害为中等危险度水平,硫酸、硝基苯等7种(17.5%)危害为低危险度水平,苯及同系物、氨等18种(45%)危害为极低危险度水平,溶剂汽油、一氧化氮等14种(35%)危害为最小危险度水平。结论通过对危害和作业场所进行危险度评价,明确了危险度较高的危害和作业场所,对企业明确危害的控制重点,合理利用资源,提高职业病危险因素的控制效率具有重要指导意义。Objective To identify the chemicals in the petrochemical enterprise and to make risk assessment of their hazards.Methods The main chemicals,chemical exposure,post settings,severity and probability of safety accidents or diseases caused by chemicals were investigated via epidemiological survey.Results 11 affiliated factories were investigated and 42 chemical factors were identified.Hydrogen sulfide harm was at moderate risk level.7hazards generated by sulfuric acid,nitrobenzene and so on were low risk.While there was very low risk hazards from benzene,ammonia and other 18 chemicals.The rest of the 16 kinds of hazards resulted from chemicals were all at minimum risk level.Conclusions Risk assessment could help to indentify the main hazards and workplace.According to this result of the risk assessment,enterprise can improve the efficiency of hazards control.

关 键 词：危险度评价 化学危险因素 石油化工 危害 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]