早产儿贫血的常见原因及相关危险因素研究  

Study of common causes and related factors of anemia in premature infants

作　　者：李晓菲[1] 韦联彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西柳州市柳铁中心医院儿科,柳州545007

出　　处：《右江医学》2015年第1期68-70,共3页Chinese Youjiang Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨早产儿贫血的常见原因及相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年6月收治的60例贫血早产儿(观察组)的临床资料,分析早产儿发生贫血的常见原因,选取同期60例非贫血早产儿作为对照组,对比两组早产儿的出生体重、胎龄、住院期间平均血红蛋白(Hb)值及患儿缺氧史、母亲贫血史、采血量≥10 ml/kg、机械通气等情况,分析早产儿贫血的相关危险因素及各相关危险因素与贫血严重程度的相关性。结果观察组早产儿中,贫血多发生在出生后2周内;贫血原因以失血23例(38.3%)、感染性疾病20例(33.3%)、血红蛋白病6例(10.0%)为主;观察组早产儿的出生体重、胎龄、Hb均显著低于对照组(P<0.01);而患儿缺氧史、母亲贫血史、患儿采血量≥10 ml/kg、机械通气等的比例均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论失血、感染、血红蛋白病、缺氧及母亲贫血是早产儿发生贫血的常见原因,出生体重、胎龄、采血量及机械通气与早产儿发生贫血紧密相关,应当避免对早产儿反复采血,做好预防感染等护理措施,及早防治早产儿贫血。Objective To investigate common causes of anemia of premature infants and its related factors. Methods Medical data of 60 premature infants with anemia（ observation group） admitted to our hospital from June,2013 to June,2014 were analyzed retrospectively,and the common causes were analyzed. 60 premature infants without anemia in the same period were selected as control group. Then,birth weight,gestational age,average hospitalization hemoglobin（ Hb） as well as history of hypoxia in infants,history of anemia in mothers,volume of blood collection≥10 ml / kg and mechanical ventilation of the two groups were compared. Besides,related risk factors of anemia of premature infants and correlation between relevant risk factors and severity were analysed. Results Most of the anemia of premature infants took place in the first 2 weeks after birth. Blood loss（ 23 cases,accounted for 38. 3%）,infectious diseases（ 20 cases,accounted for 33. 3%） and hemoglobinopathy（ 6 cases,accounted for 10. 0%） were the main reasons of anemia. Birth weight,gestational age and Hb in observation group were all significantly lower than those of the control group（ P〈 0. 01）,while the proportions of the history of hypoxia in infants,history of anemia in mothers,volume of blood collection≥10 ml / kg and mechanical ventilation were all significantly higher than those of the control group,so the difference was statistically significant（ P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Blood loss,infection,hemoglobinopathy,hypoxia,and anemia of mothers are common causes of anemia of premature infants.Birth weight,gestational age,volume of blood collection and mechanical ventilation are closely related to anemia of premature infants. Repeated blood collection among the premature infants should be avoided,necessary nursing measures should be taken to prevent infection,and anemia of premature infants should be prevented and cured as early as possible.

关 键 词：早产儿 贫血原因 危险因素 

分 类 号：R722.6[医药卫生—儿科]