大气CO_2浓度和温度升高对水稻植株碳氮吸收及分配的影响  

Effect of Experimental CO_2 Enrichment and Warming on Uptake and Distribution of C and N in Rice Plant

作　　者：张立极 潘根兴[1] 张旭辉[1] 李恋卿[1] 郑经伟[1] 郑聚峰[1] 俞欣妍[1] 王家芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤》2015年第1期26-32,共7页Soils

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(200903003)资助

摘　　要：气候变化会对作物生长及养分吸收利用产生显著影响。本研究利用开放式气候变化野外试验平台,研究大气CO2浓度和温度升高对不同生育期水稻植株C、N含量,积累量和分配的影响。试验平台的小区处理有大气CO2浓度升高(500μmol/mol)、温度升高(+2℃)和大气CO2浓度和温度同时升高处理。结果表明:1大气CO2浓度升高显著增加了水稻植株中C含量,C、N积累量及水稻茎鞘中C、N分配;显著降低了水稻植株中N含量及穗中C、N的分配;2温度升高显著增加了拔节期和成熟期水稻叶片中C含量及各生育期水稻植株中N含量,拔节期植株中N积累量及成熟期茎鞘和叶片中C、N分配;显著降低了开花期和成熟期稻穗中C含量,开花期和灌浆期水稻植株中C积累量,成熟期水稻植株中N积累量,开花和灌浆期茎鞘中C素分配及成熟期穗中C、N分配;3大气CO2浓度和温度同时升高显著增加了灌浆期水稻植株中C含量及成熟期茎鞘中C、N分配并降低了叶片中N的含量和穗中C、N的分配,而C、N积累量则无显著变化。Climate change significantly affects the growth and nutrition accumulation of the rice. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of CO2 enrichment and warming on the content, accumulation and distribution of C and N in rice plant. The treatments included the enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentration up to 500 μmol/mol （CE）, warming of canopy air with temperature increment of 2℃ （WA）, and combined CO2 enrichment and warming （CW） in comparison to ambient condition （CK）. The results showed that： 1） CE treatment significantly decreased N concentration in rice plant and C and N distribution in rice spike, while elevated CO2 significantly increased C concentration and C and N accumulation in rice plant. The treatment also increased C and N distribution in rice stems. 2）WA treatment significantly increased N concentration in rice plant and C concentration in the leaf at jointing stage and mature stage. Meanwhile, WA treatment significantly decreased C concentration in rice grain at flowing stage and mature stage. WA treatment significantly increased C accumulation at filling stage and flowing stage and also significantly increased N accumulation at jointing stage. WA treatment also increased C distribution in rice stems at flowing and filling stage and decreased C and N distribution in rice grain at mature stage. 3） CW treatment significantly increased C concentration, but significantly decreased N concentration in rice plant at filling stage. The treatment also decreased C and N distribution in rice grain, but increased the distribution in stems at mature stage.

关 键 词：CO2浓度升高 温度升高 水稻植株 C、N含量 积累和分配 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]