红壤旱地和水田土壤用量对线虫分离效果的影响  

Effects of Soil Dosage on Nematode Separation Efficiency from Upland and Paddy Red Soil

作　　者：王楠[1] 陈小云[1] 刘满强[1] 李大明[2] 王明伟[1] 李辉信[1] 胡锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室,南京210095 [2]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌331717

出　　处：《土壤》2015年第1期128-134,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371263);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(KYZ201207);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助

摘　　要：植物群落研究中样方面积的大小直接影响群落组成和多样性调查的结果,而对于地下部生态系统可能存在同样的问题。土壤动物的分离效率是研究土壤动物群落组成的基础。至今在土壤线虫分离研究方面仍缺乏关于土壤样品最佳用量范围的优化。本研究选择江西红壤地区旱地和水田两种典型农业利用方式下的土壤,基于改进的贝尔曼漏斗法,即浅盘分离法,选择10、30、50、100、150、200、300、500 g（对应0.70~3.51 cm的土壤厚度）的土壤用量梯度,旨在探讨土壤线虫分离中土壤用量对于线虫群落特征分析结果的影响。结果表明,在10~200 g（0.70~1.51 cm）土壤用量之间单位土壤线虫数量无显著差异,而大于200 g时显著下降（P〈0.05）。线虫属数随着土壤用量的增加而增加。土壤线虫营养类群比例在10~200 g（0.70~1.51 cm）之间几乎没有显著性差异。线虫群落的丰富度指数、成熟度指数、富集指数和结构指数等生态指数在30~500 g（0.72~3.51 cm）之间基本无显著差异。土壤厚度在10~150 g之间无差异,大于150 g各处理间均形成显著差异。总之,基于土壤线虫群落特征的不同参数与样品用量关系的权衡,建议在分离线虫时选择土壤样品量在50~150 g范围内或保证土壤厚度低于1.00 cm条件下增加土壤用量,以获得对供试土壤线虫群落的全面了解。In the plant community investigation, the size of plot area can affect the results of the community composition and biodiversity. Likewise, this problem might also exist in underground ecosystem. So far, little information is available in the comparison and exploration of the effects of soil sample dosages on the results of soil nematode community characteristics. Here, upland and paddy soil were selected, which are two typical cultivated soils in the red soil regions, to determine the gradients of soil amounts （10, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 500 g） on the nematode community based on the modified Baermann funnel method, with each level of soil dosage corresponding to different soil thickness from 0.70 cm to 3.51 cm. Results showed that no significant difference for nematode abundance per unit soil was observed among the soil dosage ranging from 10 g to 200 g （0.70 cm to 1.51 cm）, however, soil exceeded 200 g （1.51 cm） significantly increased soil thickness and decreased nematode abundance per unit soil （P 〈 0.05）. The genera number of nematode increased with increasing soil dosage. There was no significant difference for the proportion of nematode trophic groups when soil dosage was between 10 g and 200 g （0.70 cm to 1.51 cm）. Nematode ecological indices such as richness, maturity, enrichment and structure indices were similar when soil dosage was from 30 g to 500 g （0.72 cm to 3.51 cm）. Soil thickness significantly increased when soil exceeded 150 g. Together, it suggested that the optimal soil sample dosage for nematode separation in nematode community analysis should be from 50 g to 150 g or increase soil dosage under the condition of keeping soil thickness less than 1.00 cm.

关 键 词：线虫群落 分离方法 土壤厚度 旱地 水田 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]