中国主要古生代钨锡矿床时空分布、地质特征及找矿前景初探  

Spatial-temporal Distribution, Mineral Deposit Geology and Prospecting Potential of Major Paleozoic Tungsten-tin Deposits in China

作　　者：周建厚[1] 丰成友[1] 赵一鸣[1] 李大新[1] 王辉[1] 张明玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《中国钨业》2015年第1期24-32,共9页China Tungsten Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41172076);国家重点基础研究发展计划973课题(2012CB416704);中国地质调查局高层次地质人才培养计划(201309);中国地质调查局青年地质英才计划(201112)

摘　　要：对我国主要古生代钨锡矿床（点）的时空分布与矿床地质特征进行了总结，结果表明这些矿床主要分布于西北和华南地区的造山带边缘，又以西北地区的规模和数量为胜；形成时代主要集中于（450～390）Ma和（310～280）Mm按照矿床成因类型，可分为独立成因的石英脉型和夕卡岩型，以及复合成因的石英脉型-夕卡岩型和石英脉型-云英岩型，矿体也多具斧一体多型”的特征，集中分布于侵入体的内外接触带，其中夕卡岩型矿石矿物主要为白钨矿，云英岩型主要为白钨矿和黑钨矿，而石英脉型有白钨矿、黑钨矿、锡石、辉钼矿和黄铜矿等；在成矿元素组合方面，Sn主要与Cu和W构成Cu—Sn、W—Sn组合，而W具有W—Sn、W-Mo、W-Cu、W—Fe和W—F（萤石）等较为复杂的组合。综合分析，认为在我国西北地区及外延的吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦和蒙古等邻国具有较大的寻找海西期钨锡矿床的潜力。Spatial-temporal distribution and mineral deposit geology of major Paleozoic tungsten-tin deposits in China were summarized. It indicates that the deposits mainly locate in the margin of orogenic belts in NW and SE China. The reserve and scale in NW China are superior to those of SE China. The mineralization occurred mainly at ca. 450-390 Ma and ca. 310-280 Ma. The deposits, according to the genetic types of mineral deposit, may fall into single genetic type and multi-genetic type categories, respectively, including quartz-vein type, skarn type, quartz- vein-skarn multi-type and quartz-vein-greisen multi-type. Correspondingly, the ore-bodies of the deposit also have multi-types occurring in the contact zone between the pluton and the wall-rock. The ore minerals of the skarn type, greisen type and quartz-vein type ore body are respectively composed of scheelite, seheelite and wolframite, and scheelite, woframite, cassiterite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite. Among the deposits, tin is mainly associated with Cu and W, while W with Cu, Mo, Fe, F. It is expected that more Hercynian W-Sn deposits will be explored in NW China and adjacent areas such as Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Mongolia with ongoing exploration.

关 键 词：古生代 钨锡矿床 时空分布 矿床地质 找矿前景 

分 类 号：P618.44[天文地球—矿床学] P618.67[天文地球—地质学]