中南丘陵区两类农林复合生态系统对农药残留物的净化作用  

Purifi cation of two kinds of agro-forestry ecosystem to pesticide residues in central southern hill area

作　　者：罗天啸 闫文德[1,2,3] 高超[1,2,3] 陈建国[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]南方林业生态应用技术国家工程实验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]城市森林生态湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2015年第2期85-89,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2011BAD38B0204);湖南省自然科学基金创新群体项目(湘基金委字[2013]7号);城市森林生态湖南省重点实验室运行项目资助

摘　　要：以我国中南地区湖南省汩罗市桃林林场典型丘陵农林复合生态系统为例,研究了农林复合生态系统对农药污染物的消除效应及机制。研究表明,对于七种常用的农药,丘陵农林复合系统稻田土壤农药残留量比对照平原稻田系统平均降低29.8%,其中降幅较高者如百菌清、三唑酮分别降低42.4%、35.8%,降幅较低者如草甘膦也降达13.8%。农林复合系统稻田土壤农药污染物的消除通过以下方式来促成的。第一,农林复合系统中稻田土壤芳香度较低的有机质含量较高,这使土壤微生物生命活动处于较高水平,从而进入稻田土壤的有机农药容易降解,减少土壤农药的残留量。第二,农林复合系统周围被森林屏蔽,阻隔了农业病虫通过气流进入复合系统内,从而减少农药施用量,降低了农药残留污染的风险。Effects and mechanisms of agro-forestry ecosystem to eliminate pesticides contaminants had been conducted by taking the hilly agro-forestry ecosystem in Taolin Farm, Miluo County, Hunan Province, South central of China as the example. The results show that for the seven kinds of commonly-used pesticides, the pesticide residues of hilly agro-forestry systems averagely reduced by 29.8% compared with that of the paddy rice system in plains, of seven pesticides, the pesticides of higher decreasing range are chlorothalonil, triadimefon with decreasing range by 42.4%, 35.8%, the pesticide of lower declining range, glyphosate also reduced to 13.8%; The elimination role of agro-forestry system＇s paddy soil to pesticide pollutants was achieved by the following ways： firstly, the low aromatic organic matter content in paddy soil of agro-forestry systems was higher, which made the soil microbial life activities at a high level, thus leading organic pesticides entered paddy soils to be easily degraded, and reducing pesticide residues in the soil, secondly, the agro-forestry systems surrounded by forest shield, thus blocking airflow from entering through agricultural pest complex system, thereby reducing the amount of pesticide application, and reducing the risk of contamination of pesticide residues.

关 键 词：农林复合生态系统 丘陵区 农药残留 土壤微生物活度 净化作用 湖南汩罗 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]