播期对不同类型机插稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响  

Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Matter Production of Different Types in Mechanical Transplanted Rice

作　　者：邢志鹏[1] 曹伟伟[1] 钱海军[1] 胡雅杰[1] 张洪程[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 魏海燕[1] 刘国涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第3期528-537,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B03);超级稻配套栽培技术开发与集成(农业部专项);江苏省农业三新工程[SXGC(2013)336];江苏省农业科技自主创新基金(CX[12]1003.9)

摘　　要：为阐明播期对不同类型机插稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响,以三系籼粳交甬优2640(大穗型)及超级稻武运粳24(多穗型)为试验材料,依据江苏省里下河稻区稻麦周年生产实践,设置6个播期,采用毯苗机插方式,研究不同播期条件下机插稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响。结果表明,各水稻产量随播期推迟显著下降,但变化幅度有差异;播期推迟,水稻生育时期相对延迟,生育期缩短,主要生育阶段积温及其利用率明显降低;产量构成因素中穗数和千粒重受播期的影响较小,每穗颖花数和结实率变化较大;随播期推迟,水稻主要生育阶段光合势下降,群体生长率和净同化率于生育前期上升,生育中、后期明显下降,叶面积指数、干物质积累在拔节期略有升高,在抽穗期和成熟期相对降低,抽穗后叶面积衰减率呈上升趋势,收获指数下降。试验设置播期范围内,抢时早播有利于调节机插稻主要生育阶段干物质积累,形成"前小、中高、后强"的高质量水稻群体,易攻取高产。从生育安全性考虑,机插稻最迟应在6月15日播种。迟播条件下,应尽量避免选用大穗型品种,规避种植风险,降低生产成本投入,因此大穗型品种最晚播期宜提前至6月5日。本研究可为机插稻高产、高效生产提供参考。In order to reveal the effect of sowing date on yield and characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of different types in mechanical transplanted rice. A comparative study of effect of sowing date on yield and characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of different types in mechanical transplanted rice was conducted,through setting six sowing dates based on the annual-yield of rice and wheat production conditions in the Lixiahe rice district,by using blanket seedling mechanical transplanting method with three types of hybrids between Indica and Japonica rice variety ‘Yongyou 2640＇（ large panicle-type） and super rice variety ‘Wuyunjing 24＇（ multiple panicletype） as materials. Results showed that both the grain yields decreased significantly with the delayed sowing date,but the decrements varied. Along with the delayed sowing date,the growth date was delayed,the growth stage was shortened and the accumulative temperature of the key growth stage was declined. Field experiments proved that the yield components of different rice were influenced by sowing date as follows. The panicles and 1 000-grain weight were almost not influenced by sowing date,but the spikelets per panicles and seed setting rate varied greatly. Different types showed different response to the sowing date. Along with the delayed sowing date,the photosynthetic potential in each key growth period decreased. The crop growth rate and net assimilation rate rise at the early growth stage but obviously descended at the middle and late growth stage. The leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased slightly in the jointing stage,but relatively reduced at heading and maturity stages. The Decreasing rate of leaf area displayed a rising trend. The harvest index declined. To attain high yield,both the rice cultivars should be sowed early according this research. Because Early sowing could establish a solid matter fundamental for high yield or super-high yield,through properly adjusting the rate of dry matter a

关 键 词：播期 机插稻 产量 生育期 积温 光合物质生产特性 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]