不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦生长与生理指标的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Amount on the Growth and Physiological Indexes of Drip Irrigated Spring Wheat

作　　者：王振华[1] 郑旭荣[1] 姜国军[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第3期538-548,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51169022);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B06)

摘　　要：为揭示不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦生长与光合生理特性的影响,通过测坑试验设置4个灌水处理,灌溉定额分别为315、360、405、450mm,研究分析了灌水量对滴灌春小麦土壤水分时空分布特征和小麦生长与光合生理指标的影响。结果表明,W3处理土壤水分时空分布差异性最小。增加灌水量可使小麦生长与光合作用增加,但过度灌水可引起植株叶面积、地上生物量、穗重、净光合速率、气孔导度下降,即W3>W4>W2>W1。小麦生长和光合生理指标与灌水量回归分析表明,株高、蒸腾速率与灌水量显著相关(R2=0.99)。结果表明,滴灌春小麦灌溉定额405mm时,土壤水分分布均匀度较高、土壤水分时空分布差异性较小、小麦水分利用效率较高,光合产物积累与分配较合理。本研究结果为生产实践科学合理高效灌水管理提供了理论依据。To investigate the effects of irrigation amount on the growth and physiological indexes of drip irrigated spring wheat,test-pit experiments were carried out with four treatments of different water supply： 315,360,405,and 450 mm. The influences of irrigation amount on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil moisture and the growth and photosynthetic physiological indexes of drip irrigated spring wheat were evaluated. The results showed that：Treatment W3 displayed the smallest differences of spatial and temporal distributions in soil moisture. Increase in irrigation amount can enhance the growth and photosynthesis of wheat,but over-irrigation can cause decreases in leaf area,above-ground biomass,ear quality,net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance,namely with the order W3 〉W4 〉W2〉 W1. Regression analyses showed that plant height and transpiration rate were significantly related to irrigation amount（ R2= 0. 99）. With the smallest differences in the spatial and temporal distributions in soil moisture,the maximum above-ground biomass and leaf area and ear quality,and fairly high water utilization rate,the quota of 405 mm was considered the best irrigation amount for the accumulation and reasonable allocation of photosynthate,The results can provide theory basis to the production practice for scientific and reasonable efficient irrigation management.

关 键 词：滴灌 春小麦 灌水量 土壤水分 生理指标 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]