我国成人游泳相关暴露活动模式研究  

Research on swimming-related activity patterns of Chinese adults

作　　者：赵秀阁[1] 曹素珍[1] 王贝贝[1] 黄楠[2] 段小丽[1] 陈奕汀[3] 王丽敏[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中南大学 [3]四川省环境科学研究院 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第11期962-966,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：环境保护部项目[EH(2011)-07-01;EH(2012)-07-01];国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201109064)

摘　　要：目的了解我国成人游泳涉水暴露行为模式相关参数,为水环境暴露健康风险评价提供基本参数。方法基于＂中国人群（成人）环境暴露行为模式研究＂,采用问卷调查获得我国31个省、自治区、直辖市居民的游泳人数比例、游泳场所、游泳时间等相关参数,分析相关的分布特征和影响因素。结果我国居民的游泳比例为3.3%,城市（4.0%）高于农村（2.6%）,男性（5.3%）高于女性（1.5%）;18-44岁居民的游泳比例最高（5.5%）,80岁以上最低,为0.3%,随着年龄的增加游泳比例逐渐降低;我国游泳居民的游泳场所以地表水体为主（59.4%）,其次是公共游泳池（44.4%）;男性居民游泳场所以地表水为主（67.4%）,其次是公共泳池（36.3%）;女性居民游泳场所以公共游泳池为主（67.6%）,其次是地表水体（36.4%）;城市游泳居民的游泳场所以公共游泳池为主（65.8%）,其次是地表水体（39.0%）,农村游泳居民游泳场所以地表水体为主（84.5%）,其次是公共游泳池（17.1%）。我国游泳居民月均游泳时间为155 min,每月平均游泳3次,夏季游泳时间最长（459 min/月）、频次最高（8.1次/月）,其次为春秋季（游泳时间：64 min/月;频次：1.6次/月）,冬季游泳时间最短（30 min/月）、频率最低（0.7次/月）。我国游泳居民中女性居民游泳时间（159 min/月）高于男性（154 min/月）;城市居民的月均游泳时间（180 min/月）高于农村（123 min/月）,月均游泳频次分别为3.2和2.8次。结论我国成人游泳时间存在性别及地区等差异,开展健康风险评估应选用我国居民游泳相关行为模式暴露参数。Objective To acquire water exposure-related factors during swimming and to provide the basic exposure factors for the water-related exposure health risk assessment. Methods Based on the questionnaire of Chinese Environmental ExposureRelated Human Activity Patterns Survey（Adults）（CEERHAPS-A）,the exposure factors including proportion of swimmers in whole population, swimming place of the swimmer, and the time spent in swimming were obtained from 31 province, autonomous regions and municipalities of China, and the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of exposure factors were discussed. Results The proportion of swimmers in population was 3.3%, while it was 4.0% in urban area, higher than that in rural area（2.6%）, and it was 5.3% for male, higher than that of female（1.5%）; With the increase of age, the proportion of swimmers in population reduced gradually, it was the highest（5.5%） for residents aged 18-44 and the lowest（0.3%） for residents aged more than 80. The swimmers in China swam mainly in surface water, which accounted for 59.4%, followed by public swimming pool（44.4%）; Furthermore, male swimmers mainly swam in surface water（67.4%） instead of public swimming pool（36.3%）, and female swimmers preferred to swim in public swimming pool（67.6%） rather than in surface water（36.4%）.While, swimmers from urban area mainly swam in public pool（65.8%） instead of surface water（39.0%）, and swimmers from rural area preferred to swim in surface water（84.5%） rather than in public swimming pool（17.1%）. The monthly swimming time of swimmers in China was 155 min and the monthly swimming frequency was 3, while both of them in summer were the highest followed by spring/autumn, which were 459 min/month, 8.1/month and 64 min/month, 1.6/month in summer and spring/autumn,respectively, while, both of them in winter were the lowest（30 min/month and 0.7/month）. Furthermore, swimming time of female swimmer（159 min/month） was longer than that of male swimmer�

关 键 词：暴露参数 游泳时间 游泳比例 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]