我国成人饮水摄入量研究  

Investigation of drinking water intake rate of adults in China

作　　者：郑婵娟[1] 赵秀阁[2] 黄楠[3] 王贝贝[2] 陈奕汀[4] 曹素珍[2] 王丽敏[5] 段小丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学医学院,湖南长沙410013 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室 [3]中南大学 [4]四川省环境保护科学研究院 [5]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第11期967-970,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：环境保护部项目[EH(2011)-07-01;EH(2012)-07-01];国家环境保护公益行业科研专项(201109064)

摘　　要：目的了解我国成人饮水摄入量的总体状况,并初步分析饮水摄入量的影响因素,为评价人体对水中污染物暴露和健康风险以及建立适合我国居民的饮水暴露参数数据库提供基础性数据。方法基于＂中国居民环境暴露行为模式研究（成人）＂于2011年11月—2012年5月对我国31个省、自治区、直辖市居民采用标准量具结合问卷进行饮水摄入量的调查。结果我国成人日均饮水摄入量为1 850 ml/d。夏季饮水摄入量（2 400 ml/d）高于春/秋季（1 710 ml/d）和冬季（1 600ml/d）（P〈0.05）;男性居民饮水摄入量（2 000 ml/d）高于女性（1 713 ml/d）（P〈0.05）;各年龄组中,45-59岁年龄组居民饮水摄入量最高（1 900 ml/d）,≥80岁居民最低（1 525 ml/d）;城市居民饮水摄入量（1 900 ml/d）高于农村居民（1 825 ml/d）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同地理区域间也存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）,华北地区居民饮水摄入量最高（2 338 ml/d）,东北地区居民最低（1 275 ml/d）;西藏自治区居民的饮水摄入量最多（3 525 ml/d）,而重庆最低（1 050 ml/d）。结论我国成人饮水摄入量存在性别、年龄、城乡、地区和季节差异,在进行饮用水中污染物暴露的健康风险评价时须给予重视。Objective To acquire the daily drinking water intake rate（IRdw） of Chinese adults and evaluate the potential factors in IRdw, and provide basic data for assessing the health risk of waterborne pollutants and establishing drinking water exposure factors database. Methods The survey was based on Chinese Environmental Exposure-Related Human Activity Pattern Suevey（Adults）（CEERHAPS-A）. The information on drinking water of residents from 31 provinces,municipalities, autonomous regions was collected by using a quantitative measurement in questionnaire survey from Dec.2011 to May 2012. Results The daily average IRdwof adults was 1 850 ml/d in China. The daily IRdwwas significantly higher in summer（2 400 ml/d） than in spring/autumn（1 710 ml/d） and winter（1 600 ml/d）（P〈0.05）; The daily IRdwwas also significantly higher in male（2 000 ml/d）compared with that in female（1 713 ml/d）（P〈0.05）. There were significant differences in IRdwamong different age groups（P〈0.05）, residents aged 45-59 had the highest IRdw（1 900 ml/d） whereas residents aged over 80 had the lowest IRdw（1 525 ml/d）.The daily IRdwwas significantly higher in residents of urban areas（1 900 ml/d） than that in rural areas（1 825 ml/d）（P〈0.05）.There were significant differences in IRdwamong different districts（P〈0.05）. Among different regions, residents in north China had the highest IRdw（2 338 ml/d） whereas residents in northeast China had the lowest IRdw（1 275 ml/d）. Residents in Tibet had the highest IRdw（3 525 ml/d） whereas residents in Chongqing had the lowest IRdw（1 050 ml/d）. Conclusion The drinking water intake rate of adults in China varies substantially according to gender, age, urban/rural background, region and season. These factors should be taken into account in the environmental health risk assessment on drinking water pollutants exposure.

关 键 词：成人 饮水摄入量 环境健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]