不同三疣梭子蟹混养系统能量收支的研究  

Studies on the Energy Budget of Different Polyculture Systems of Swimming Crab

作　　者：奉杰 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 张凯[1] 董佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期39-47,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009)资助

摘　　要：采用海水池塘陆基围隔实验法,对三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）、凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）和菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）不同混养系统的能量收支和转化效率进行研究。本研究共设置梭子蟹单养对照（C）、蟹贝混养（CB）、虾蟹混养（CS）和虾蟹贝混养（CSB1、CSB2、CSB3和CSB4）7个处理组。其中,三疣梭子蟹和凡纳滨对虾的放养密度分别为45和6ind/m^2,CB中菲律宾蛤仔的放养密度为15ind/m^2,CSB1、CSB2、CSB3和CSB4中菲律宾蛤仔放养密度分别为7.5、15、30和60ind/m^2。整个实验期间养殖水体表面接受的总太阳光辐射能为1 550 MJ/m^2,光能利用率变动在0.16%-0.38%之间,以蟹单养为最高,CB混养为最低,各处理之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。实验中,初级生产力和养殖生物饵料是系统能量输入的主要部分。实验最后收获的养殖生物中净产出量最高的是CSB3和CSB4两个处理组,显著高于其它处理组（P〈0.05）。整个实验中总沉积物能量在1.71-5.43 MJ/m^2之间,其中CSB3处理组最高,显著高于其它处理组（P〈0.05）,各处理能量沉积量占总投入能量比例在25.57%-33.47%之间,各处理组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。实验各处理组中光合能转化效率以CSB3最高,CSB4其次,CB最低,各处理组之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。总能量转化效率以CBS3和CSB4最高,显著高于CSB1,CS,CB和单养对照组（P〈0.05）;饲料能转化效率以单养对照组最高,CSB4组其次,显著高于除CSB3和CB组外的其它各处理组（P〈0.05）;单位净产量耗饲料能和单位净产量耗总能均以单养对照最低,但与CBS4处理组差异不大（P〉0.05）。研究结果表明,三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾和菲律宾蛤仔的放养密度分别为45、6和30-60ind/m^2时,混养系统的能量转化效率和能量总产出最高,具有更好的综合效益,为本研究获得的优化混养结构。The energy budget and conversion efficiency of land-based enclosures were studied,in which swimming crab（Portunus trituberculatus）,white shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei）and short-necked clam（Ruditapes philippinarum）were cultured in different polyculture combinations.Seven combinations were designed,i.e.,the monoculture of crab（C）,polyculture of crab and clam（CB）,polyculture of crab and shrimp（CS）and polyculture of crab and shrimp and clam（CSB1,CSB2,CSB3 and CSB4）.The stocking density of crab and shrimp were 45 and 6ind/m^2,respectively,while that of clam in CB,CSB1,CSB2,CSB3 and CSB4was 15,7.5,15,30 and 60ind/m^2,respectively.During culture,the solar radiation was1 550 MJ/m^2 and the solar energy utilization rate of phytoplankton ranged from 0.16%to 0.38% with the highest was documented in C and lowest in CB.The difference in solar energy utilization rate of phytoplankton among combinations was significant（P〈0.05）.Our findings indicated that the primary productivity and the feed input constituted the main part of importing energy.The net output energy of the cultured animals of CSB3 and CSB4was significantly higher than that of other combinations（P〈0.05）.The sediment energy ranged from 1.68 to 5.43MJ/m^2 with the highest documented in CSB3 which was significantly different from other combinations（P〈0.05）.The sediment energy accounted for 25.57-33.47%of the total energy input,and no significant difference was found among combinations（P〉0.05）.The highest photosynthetic energy efficiency was documented in CSB3 which was followed by CSB4andSB2,and a significant difference was found among combinations（P〈0.05）.The combinations with the highest total energy conversion efficiency were CSB3 and CSB4,which were significantly higher than CSB1,CS,CB and C（P〈0.05）.The highest feed energy conversion efficiency was found in C which was followed by CSB4,CSB4 was significantly higher than other combinations except for CSB3 and CB in feed energy conversion efficiency.The

关 键 词：能量收支 能量转化效率 混养 三疣梭子蟹 凡纳滨对虾 菲律宾蛤仔 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]