低阻抗冲击电压标准波源  

A low impedance impulse voltage calibrator

作　　者：龙兆芝[1] 李文婷[1] 鲁非[2] 刘少波[1] 宗贤伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院计量研究所,武汉430074 [2]国网湖北省电力公司电力科学研究院,武汉430074

出　　处：《电测与仪表》2015年第4期101-106,共6页Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation

摘　　要：介绍了可产生IEC60060-1中规定的雷电全波的低阻抗冲击电压标准波源的原理及其不确定度评定。冲击电压标准波源为小型的Max发生器，其电压峰值Up、波前时间T1、波尾时间T2都可以根据脉冲形成回路的元器件参数计算得到。该标准波源的输出电压波形峰值为10～1000V，输出波形参数不确定度（置信概率95％，包含因子k＝2）为：峰值UUp为5×10－4，波前时间UT1为4×10－3，半峰值时间UT2为4×10－3。采用PTB校准过的14 bit数字记录仪测量低阻抗标准的输出波形，并将测量结果与理论计算值进行比较。连续重复20次，最大相对标准偏差为2．7×10－4。在六个月内各电压点峰值长时稳定性在0．2‰内。负载分别为7．95kΩ和1MΩ，理论计算波形参数的区别与测量结果吻合。表明该低阻抗冲击电压标准波源既可校核数字记录仪也可校准电阻分压器。The principle and uncertainty of a low impendence standard calibrator that produces full lighting impulse is described in this paper.The calibrator is a small MAX generator, whose peak value Up , front time T1 , and time to half value T2 of the generated impulse are calculated from the calibrated values of the components of the impulse form-ing network.The operating voltage range of the calibrator is from 10V to 1000V.The expand uncertainty of Up, T1, T2 is 5 ×10 -4 , 4 ×10 -3 , 4 ×10 -3 respectively at 95%confidence level with a coverage factor of 2.14 bit digital re-corder with PTB calibrated is used to measure low resistance standard output waveform, and the measurement results are compared with the theoretical calculation values.Repeated 20 times, the max standard deviation is 2.7 ×10 -4 . During six months the long term stability is less than 0.2‰.The load is 7.95kΩcompared to 1MΩ, the differentials of measured value for Up ,T1 , T2 is agreement with of calculated value.The experimental results show that the low im-pedance calibrator is not only can be used as the primary reference of impulse voltages for calibration of digital record but also can be used to calibrating the impulse voltage divider.

关 键 词：冲击电压溯源 不确定度 短时稳定性 长时稳定性 带载能力 

分 类 号：TM866[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]