防灾避难场所布局优化与责任区划分方法  

Method for layout optimization and division of responsibility area for emergency shelter

作　　者：初建宇[1,2] 梁建文[1] 苏幼坡[2] 张立华[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072 [2]河北联合大学建筑工程学院,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《世界地震工程》2015年第1期89-96,共8页World Earthquake Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAJ10B09-2);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2013209262);河北省科普专项项目(14K55405D)

摘　　要：为解决防灾避难场所布局优化和责任区划分问题,给出了一种基于改进集合覆盖问题与P-中值问题的模型及求解方法。该模型以覆盖全部需求区的场所数量最少和需求区到选中场所的疏散距离之和最小为目标,考虑了相关标准对疏散距离和场所容量的限制,以及任一需求区仅在且均在一处场所避难等实际约束条件。利用LINGO软件分步求解,以求取避难场所数量最少来选定避难场所数量和位置,再用求取总疏散距离最小来划分选定场所的责任区范围。与现有方法对比分析的算例结果表明:该模型简单、求解效率高、适用范围广,对责任区的划分符合规划实际情况,能有效实现规划目标。In order to resolve the planning of the number, location and the division of responsibility area of emergency shelter, the authors put forward emergency shelter layout optimization and division of responsibility area model and its algorithm based on the combination of the improved location set covering model and the P - median model. The model proposes the objectives of covering all the demand zones with shelters at the least number and the minimum distance from demand zones to the designated places, and considering the constraints of evacuation distance and shelter capacity, and either demand zones are both in and only in the same responsibility area. Through the LINGO software, the number of shelter and location are calculated by covering all the demand zones with mini- mum number of shelter, and then the division of responsibility areas are resolved by calculating minimum total evacuation distance. Compared the calculation result with the instance of the present method, it is shown that the model is simple, efficient in solving, reasonable in division of responsibility areas, which is beneficial to the achievement of the planning objectives.

关 键 词：防灾避难场所 布局优化 责任区划分 模型 算法 

分 类 号：X9-65[环境科学与工程—安全科学]