煤焦油常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化生焦特性研究  

Study on coke formation of coal tar atmospheric residue in slurry-bed hydrocracking

作　　者：王晓雯 吴乐乐 

机构地区：[1]广西钦州市科学技术局,广西钦州市535000 [2]中国石油大学,山东省青岛市266580

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2015年第2期20-24,共5页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：以低温煤焦油常压渣油（CAR）和马瑞常压渣油（MAR）为原料进行悬浮床加氢对比实验,通过扫描电子显微镜观测、红外光谱分析等方法对反应生成的焦炭及CAR中的甲苯不溶物进行了研究,分析了煤焦油体系的特殊性及煤焦油甲苯不溶物对加氢过程生焦特点的影响。结果表明,CAR悬浮床加氢具有轻油收率高,生焦总量小,基本没有壁相焦的优点,加氢效果理想,体系中稳定分布的甲苯不溶物是由1~3μm的微晶颗粒及稠环芳烃等有机粒子在7μm左右的无机碳质颗粒上附着后形成的10μm左右的聚集体,具有明显的片层堆积结构,容易在剪切力作用下形成更小的微米级微晶及炭质颗粒,是体系中的天然载焦剂,并与硫化后的催化剂颗粒共同为悬浮床加氢裂化提供大量结焦中心,使生成的焦炭直径小而均匀,同时也为大分子自由基的缩合提供场所,减少自由基在器壁上的缩合几率,从而大大减少了壁相焦的产生。The slurry-bed hydrocracking experiments of coal tar and Ma-Rui oil atmospheric residue（ CAR and MAR） were conducted and the results of experiments were analyzed. In addition,properties and microstructure of coke and toluene insolubles were analyzed with the help of microscope,SEM and FT-IR,etc. The coal tar system properties and the impact of toluene insolubles on the coke formation in slurry-bed hydrocracking reaction were studied. The results show that the CAR slurry-bed hydrocracking is high in light oil yield and low in total coke make,and there is no coke formation on the surface of reactor. The toluene insolubles distributed in the system is the aggregate（ about 10 μm） formed by microcrystalline particles and organic particles（ 1 ~ 3 μm） adsorbed on the surface of carbonaceous particles（ about 7 μm） and it has obvious lamella structure. The toluene insolubles can form smaller micron grade microcrystallines and carbonaceous particles under the shear force of reaction and they are also the natural coke supports in hydrocracking system.Furthermore,these micron microcrystallines,carbonaceous particles and sulfurized catalyst provide coke centers and macromolecular radicals condensation sites in hydrocracking. In this case,the macromolecular radicals have smaller probability to condense on the surface of reactor,and smaller coke particles and less amount of surface coke are observed in hydrocracking reaction.

关 键 词：煤焦油常压渣油 悬浮床加氢 生焦特点 甲苯不溶物 结焦中心 载焦剂 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]