合肥市在校大学生近视状况及影响因素分析  

Myopia and influencing factors among college students in Hefei

作　　者：李享[1] 张秀军[1] 李修德[1] 高国朋[1] 王程成[1] 仝菲[1] 李小林[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,合肥230032

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第2期252-254,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201410366018);安徽医科大学七年制临床医学专业"早期接触科研"训练计划项目(2013-ZQKY-93)

摘　　要：目的了解合肥市在校大学生近视现状及其影响因素,为高校学生近视防治提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对合肥市8所高校共2 935名大学生进行视力相关问卷调查。结果 8所高校大学生总体近视率为80.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,视力的保护因素为母亲文化程度较高（与小学及以下相比,初中：OR=0.772,95%CI=0.620-0.961;本科或大专：OR=0.584,95%CI=0.393-0.868）、喜好硬食（OR=0.591,95%CI=0.444-0.786）、每天睡眠8 h以上（OR=0.789,95%CI=0.641-0.971）、每天户外活动1 h以上（1-2 h：OR=0.719,95%CI=0.558-0.925;〉2 h：OR=0.329,95%CI=0.182-0.594）以及注重保护视力（比较注重：OR=0.481,95%CI=0.387-0.598;十分注重：OR=0.281,95%CI=0.154-0.513）。而父母有近视（一方近视：OR=2.452,95%CI=1.806-3.330;双方近视：OR=3.971,95%CI=1.925-8.191）和每天看手机时间较长（〈2 h：OR=1.768,95%CI=1.211-2.583;2-4 h：OR=2.392,95%CI=1.629-3.512;〉4 h：OR=2.028,95%CI=1.367-3.008）是导致近视的危险因素。结论良好的用眼和生活习惯对预防近视有重要意义。应指导大学生采取相关保健行为,以预防新发近视和缓解近视程度的加深。Objective To study the prevalence of myopia and influencing factors among college students in Hefei,and to provide evidence for prevention of myopia. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method,2 935 students in 8 colleges were recruited and required to fill in questionnaire. Results The prevalence rate of myopia was 80. 3%. Higher education level of mother（ junior high school education： OR = 0. 772,95% CI = 0. 620- 0. 961; junior college or university degree： OR = 0. 584,95% CI = 0. 393- 0. 868,compared with a primary school education level of mother）,preference for solid food（ OR = 0. 591,95%CI = 0. 444- 0. 786）,at least eight hours sleep per day（ OR = 0. 789,95% CI = 0. 641- 0. 971）,having at least 1 hour outdoor activities per day（ 1- 2 h： OR = 0. 719,95% CI = 0. 558- 0. 925; more than 2 h： OR = 0. 329,95% CI = 0. 182- 0. 594） and recognition of visual protection（ partly recognized： OR = 0. 481,95% CI = 0. 387- 0. 598; highly recognized： OR = 0. 281,95% CI= 0. 154- 0. 513） were protective factors. Parental myopia（ one was myopic： OR = 2. 452,95% CI = 1. 806- 3. 330; both myopic：OR = 3. 971,95% CI = 1. 925- 8. 191） and time spent on cell phone per day（ less than 2 h： OR = 1. 768,95% CI = 1. 211- 2.583; 2- 4 h： OR = 2. 392,95% CI = 1. 629- 3. 512; more than 4 h： OR = 2. 028,95% CI = 1. 367- 3. 008,compared with using barely） were risk factors for myopia. Conclusion Good visual habits are of great importance in prevention of myopia

关 键 词：大学 近视 统计学 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R778.11[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]